Chapter 8 HW

Which is turner syndrome

XO

Haploid

a cell with n number of chromosomes

Crossing over is important because it

allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes

Somatic Cell

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Cancer

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

Benign vs. Malignant

benign- non cancerous malignant- cancerous

Bacteria divide by

binary fission

Carcinoma

cancerous tumor

Division of cytoplasm

cytokinesis

Zygote

fertilized egg

The function of meiosis is to make

four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes

The chromosomes divide

mitosis

Accounts for only 10% of the cell cycle

mitotic phase

In meiosis, a mistake where homologous chromosomes do not separate properly is called _____.

nondisjunction

Mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Cell Cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Gamete

sex cell

DNA replication occurs

the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells

When comparing the base sequence in sister chromosomes, they

will be identical

Diploid

(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number

Prophase

1st phase of mitosis

Humans have....pairs of chromosomes. .....pairs are autosomes and ..... pairs are sex chromosomes

23, 22,1

If a species of animal has six pair of chromosomes, how many DNA molecules would be present at the end of the S phase of interphase

24

Prometaphase

2nd phase of mitosis

Metaphase

3rd phase of mitosis

A human somatic cell contains how many total chromosomes

46

Anaphase

4th phase of mitosis

Telophase

5th Phase of mitosis

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

Sexual Reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Centromere

Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached

Meiosis

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

Prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA because it

Consists of a single circular chromosome

A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells during

Cytokinesis

Which of the following are hallmarks of a cancer cell

Divide Rapidly, by no longer regulating the cell cycle Undergo metastasis and proliferated in other parts of the body. Invade other tissues of the body because they have lost density-depended inhibition

True or false. Mitosis takes place during M phase of the cell cycle, which is longer than interphase

False. Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle

Homologous Chromosomes

Have the same geneses at the same loci Are the same size Can contain different versions of the same gene at the same loci

During anaphase I,.......and during anaphase II,.....

Homologous chromosomes separate...sister chromatids separate.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.

The cell is performing normal functions

Interphase

After fertilization the resulting zygote begins to divide by

Mitosis

Synapsis

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Asexual Reproduction

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself. Genetically identical offspring

Fertilization

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Crossing Over

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

Gonad Cell

Sex cells, produce gametes

Chromosome

Structures that contain genetic information

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells

The amount of DNA present Whether the DNA is linear or circular Whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not

The M phase of mitosis and M phase of meiosis both occur after interphase. However, the two processes differ in the arrangement and behavior of their

The pairing up of homologous chromosomes and crossing over only occur during meiosis

The M phase of mitosis and M phase of meiosis both occur after interphase. However, the two processes differ in the arrangement and behavior of their chromosomes. How?

The pairing up of homologous chromosomes and crossing over only occur during meiosis.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

Binary fission is considered asexual reproduction

True

Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________.

Two diploid cells...four haploid cells