Chapter 8 HW
Which is turner syndrome
XO
Haploid
a cell with n number of chromosomes
Crossing over is important because it
allows the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes
Somatic Cell
any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.
Cancer
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
Benign vs. Malignant
benign- non cancerous malignant- cancerous
Bacteria divide by
binary fission
Carcinoma
cancerous tumor
Division of cytoplasm
cytokinesis
Zygote
fertilized egg
The function of meiosis is to make
four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes
The chromosomes divide
mitosis
Accounts for only 10% of the cell cycle
mitotic phase
In meiosis, a mistake where homologous chromosomes do not separate properly is called _____.
nondisjunction
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Cell Cycle
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Gamete
sex cell
DNA replication occurs
the S phase of interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells
When comparing the base sequence in sister chromosomes, they
will be identical
Diploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
Prophase
1st phase of mitosis
Humans have....pairs of chromosomes. .....pairs are autosomes and ..... pairs are sex chromosomes
23, 22,1
If a species of animal has six pair of chromosomes, how many DNA molecules would be present at the end of the S phase of interphase
24
Prometaphase
2nd phase of mitosis
Metaphase
3rd phase of mitosis
A human somatic cell contains how many total chromosomes
46
Anaphase
4th phase of mitosis
Telophase
5th Phase of mitosis
Karyotype
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Binary Fission
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
Sexual Reproduction
A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
Prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA because it
Consists of a single circular chromosome
A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells during
Cytokinesis
Which of the following are hallmarks of a cancer cell
Divide Rapidly, by no longer regulating the cell cycle Undergo metastasis and proliferated in other parts of the body. Invade other tissues of the body because they have lost density-depended inhibition
True or false. Mitosis takes place during M phase of the cell cycle, which is longer than interphase
False. Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle
Homologous Chromosomes
Have the same geneses at the same loci Are the same size Can contain different versions of the same gene at the same loci
During anaphase I,.......and during anaphase II,.....
Homologous chromosomes separate...sister chromatids separate.
Sister Chromatids
Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.
The cell is performing normal functions
Interphase
After fertilization the resulting zygote begins to divide by
Mitosis
Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
Asexual Reproduction
Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself. Genetically identical offspring
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Crossing Over
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Gonad Cell
Sex cells, produce gametes
Chromosome
Structures that contain genetic information
What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells
The amount of DNA present Whether the DNA is linear or circular Whether the DNA is housed in a nucleus or not
The M phase of mitosis and M phase of meiosis both occur after interphase. However, the two processes differ in the arrangement and behavior of their
The pairing up of homologous chromosomes and crossing over only occur during meiosis
The M phase of mitosis and M phase of meiosis both occur after interphase. However, the two processes differ in the arrangement and behavior of their chromosomes. How?
The pairing up of homologous chromosomes and crossing over only occur during meiosis.
Metastasis
The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site
Binary fission is considered asexual reproduction
True
Mitosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________; meiosis and cytokinesis result in the formation of __________.
Two diploid cells...four haploid cells