Chapter 15 Drugs Affecting Inflammation and Infection

A sputum sample of a postsurgical client with coarse crackles audible in the lungs has been sent for culture and sensitivity testing. What response should the nurse provide when the client asks why the sample needed to be analyzed?

"It will identify what drug will best kill this microorganism."

To ensure that the most appropriate drug is being used to treat a pathogen, which would need to be done first?

Obtaining sensitivity testing

The hospital nurse is caring for a group of adult clients. For which client should the nurse most likely administer prophylactic anti-infectives?

A client with colorectal cancer who is preoperative for a bowel resection

You are working as a nurse educator in the hospital setting. Part of your responsibility includes developing a plan to prevent antibiotic resistance. What is the most important part of your plan?

An education campaign that focuses on handwashing between patients

The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous anti-infective agent to a client. When monitoring for common adverse effects, what assessments should the nurse perform? Select all that apply.

Assessment for signs of hypersensitivity Assessment of urine output Assessment of neurological status

The pathophysiology class is learning how microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs. What is one way the students would learn that microorganisms develop resistance to anti-infective drugs?

By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter the cell

A client with an upper respiratory tract infection was prescribed roxithromycin, an antibiotic. The nurse tells the client that irregular administration of this medication could lead to what outcome?

Development of drug resistance

A client with an inflammatory disease has been prescribed indomethacin. The nurse is aware of the risk for drug-induced nephrotoxicity and should prioritize what intervention?

Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake

Which of the following is the most important nursing action to help prevent antimicrobial resistance in health care settings?

Good hand-washing between each patient contact

What information about antibiotic therapy should the nurse include in a client's medication education?

Maintenance of normal bacterial flora is essential to health during the therapy.

It is the duty of all health care providers to prevent antibiotic resistance. As a nurse, how can you play an active role in preventing antibiotic resistance? (Select all that apply.)

Obtain culture specimens prior to administration of antibiotic therapy. Use proper isolation procedures. Report culture results to the health care provider.

An older adult client has been brought to the emergency department by her daughter, who states that the client may have a urinary tract infection. What principle should guide the care team's plan of treatment?

Older adults' signs and symptoms of infection may differ from those of younger people

After teaching a group of students about resistance, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify what as a way that microorganisms develop resistance?

Production of a chemical to act as an agonist

A client with acne has been receiving an anti-infective agent for a prolonged period. Initially, the drug was effective, but over time its effectiveness as decreased. What is the nurse's best action?

Refer the client to the health care provider because the client may be experiencing resistance.

When describing an anti-infective agent with a narrow spectrum of activity, what would the nurse include?

The drug is selective in its action on organisms.

A nurse has questioned why a client's health care provider has prescribed a narrow-spectrum antibiotic rather than a broad-spectrum drug in the treatment of an infection. Which facts provide the best rationale for the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics whenever possible?

The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can create a risk for a superinfection.

A client is febrile and is suspected of having a respiratory infection. A sputum culture has been collected and the results of sensitivity testing are expected within 48 hours. The nurse should anticipate that the client may:

be immediately prescribed a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

A client has been diagnosed with an infection. The nurse can help to ensure the success of anti-infective treatment by:

confirming that the medication prescribed is the drug of choice for the specific microorganism.

A client who is receiving anti-infective therapy is experiencing gastrointestinal toxicity. What would the nurse expect to assess?

diarrhea

A client has been diagnosed with osteomyelitis and has been prescribed clindamycin, a narrow spectrum antibiotic. When planning this client's care, the nurse should understand that:

the microorganism causing the infection is likely known.