chapter 15 exam review
Which type of continental coastline features a much broader continental shelf? A. Passive continental margins B. Active continental margins
A. Passive continental margins
Wave crests _________: A. Refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner B. Refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline C. Reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline D. Are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract
A. Refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner
____________ make up a majority of the ocean floor worldwide. A.Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes
A. abyssal plains
What percentage of seawater, on average, consists of dissolved salt ions? A. 1.5% B. 3.5% C. 5.5% D. 6.5%
B. 3.5%
The density of seawater increases with _________: A. Increasing temperature and increasing salinity B. Decreasing temperature and increasing salinity C. Increasing temperature and decreasing salinity D. Decreasing temperature and decreasing salinity
B. Decreasing temperature and increasing salinity
Rip currents flow _________: A. Directly toward the shoreline B. Directly away from the shoreline C. Parallel to the shoreline
B. Directly away from the shoreline
The most prominent force inducing tides on Earth is the _______: A. Sun's gravitational pull B. Moon's gravitational pull C. Electromagnetic attraction between Earth and the Sun D. Gravitational attraction between ocean waters and the continents on Earth
B. Moon's gravitational pull
The form and topography (depth profile) of the ocean floor is termed: A. Orogeny B. Bathymetry C. Allocthony D. Aquitopography
B. bathymetry
Compared to continental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere is: A. Thicker B. Thinner C. Approximately the same thickness
B. thinner
Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water? A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 85%
C. 70%
Most of the igneous rocks within oceanic abyssal plains are ____________. A. Exposed at the surface of the seafloor B. Covered by sand and gravel introduced by rivers at deltas C. Covered by clay and the skeletal remains of microplankton D. Covered by limestone made up of the fragments of large invertebrate shells
C. Covered by clay and the skeletal remains of microplankton
As compared to freshwater, saline ocean water is ____________ and therefore provides ____________ support to floating objects. A. Less dense; more buoyant B. Less dense; less buoyant C. Denser; more buoyant D. Denser; less buoyant
C. Denser; more buoyant
Sand groins _______. a. have solved the problem of beach drift b. increase erosion rates in the region upcurrent from the groin c. increase erosion in the region down current from the groin d. increase depositional rates in the region down current from the groin
C. Increase erosion rates in the region downcurrent from the groin
Longshore currents flow _________: A. Directly toward the shoreline B. Directly away from the shoreline C. Parallel to the shoreline
C. Parallel to the shoreline
The shallowest portion of the ocean is found along the margins of continents in regions termed: A. Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes
C. continental shelves
The deepest segments of the ocean floor are found ______: A. Along mid-ocean ridges B. In the geographic centers of abyssal plains C. In trenches associated with passive margins D. In trenches associated with subduction zones
D. In trenches associated with subduction zones
Of the choices below, which portions of the sea floor are most steeply tilted? A. Abyssal plains B. Continental rises C. Continental shelves D. Continental slopes
D. continental slopes
Which trench includes the world's deepest sea floor (more than 11 km below sea level)?
Mariana Trench
Estuaries most commonly have salinity that is ________
brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity)
Major oceanic surface currents travel _______. a. parallel to the prevailing direction in the region b. in direct opposition to prevailing winds as a result of the Coriolis effect c. at an angle to prevailing winds as a result of the Coriolis effect d. at an angle to prevailing winds as a result of the Doppler effect
c. at an angle to prevailing winds as a result of the Coriolis effect
As waves approach shore in shallow water their speed ________
decreases
A bathymetric map of the ocean would utilize contours to connect points of equal __________
depth of the sea floor below sea level
If currents are largely directed toward shore, the area is likely to experience __________:
downwelling
When the sea level rises, the ocean may invade a river valley, producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity termed a(n) ________
estuary
As compared to continental interiors, surface temperatures in coastal regions _________
experience a less extreme range throughout the year
The strongest winds within a hurricane are found in the _______
eye
Every shoreline experiences a tidal reach (difference in elevation between high and low tide) of about 3m. true or false
false
When high tide occurs at any single shoreline, that means it is also high tide at all other coasts throughout the world: true or false
false
Flooded valleys that were excavated by glaciers are termed ___________
fjords
Wave refraction causes longshore currents to travel _________
from headlands towards embayments
Tidal reach will be greatest locally during a _________
full or new moon
Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is ____________
greatest in headlands (points of land projected out toward the sea)
At the equatorial ocean basins, sea surface temperatures may reach 30°C or greater; at the sea floor 5 km below, the temperature is _______
near freezing (2-4 C)
A wave will disturb the water to a depth equal to _______
one-half of its wavelength
Due to the Coriolis effect, surface currents in the oceans are always pulled to the ____________ in the northern hemisphere as compared to the prevailing wind direction
right
Global circulation of ocean water is influenced by ________
surface winds, coastal upwelling and downwelling, and sinking of cold and saline water
Tidal reach is affected by _________
the position of the Sun
A coastline is more likely to consist of a tidal flat than a beach if ___________
the shore is protected from strong waves
The magnitude of tidal effect (lateral extent of the intertidal zone between low and high tides) is affected by ____________
the slope of the coastline, and the position of the Sun
Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves; these waves occasionally can be more than 100 feet high true or false
true