Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________ .

phobia

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress

Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.

psychotic

Joffrey talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Joffrey is experiencing psychomotor ________ .

retardation

________ are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.

seasonal pattern

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.

suicidal ideation

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________ .

that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________ .

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.

Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?

Thomas Szasz

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

autism spectrum disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________ .

being outside the home alone

Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

body dysmorphic

Etiology is another word for ________ .

causes (note: causes of psychological disorders)

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."

concern over germs

A psychological disorder is a ________ .

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which of the following is NOT an example of suicidal ideation?

fearing you will die

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________ .

generalized anxiety disorder

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________ .

mania

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD?

orbitofrontal cortex

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.

organizing the books

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

paranoid

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?

Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?

Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

Who identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction?

Jerome C. Wakefield

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

A panic disorder is a type of ________ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.

anxiety

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________ .

appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________ ?

episodic