Chapter 15 questions
True or False: Like all other sensory pathways, the nerve impulses associated with olfaction are routed through the thalamus on the way to the primary olfactory cortex.
False
True or False: Neurons on the superior olivary nucleus compare information from both ears to determine the loudness of sound.
False
True or False: Rods are concentrated in the fovea centralis while cones are absent from this region of the retina
False
A nurse administers pilocarpine eye drops. The nurse instructs the patient to press on the nasolacrimal duct for 30 seconds because the medication can have some systemic side effects if absorbed into the blood circulation through the nasal mucosa. Determine how pressing on the nasolacrimal duct prevents passage of pilocarpine to the nasal mucosa.
Pressing on the nasolacrimal duct prevents the passage of pilocarpine into the inferior nasal meatus.
Where are the general senses located?
Skin
What is the function of the lens?
The lens focuses light on the retina.
True or False: The five major taste sensations are sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami.
True
True or False: The function of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
True
The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as
accommodation
Where are sound vibrations amplified?
auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
The olfactory nerves (CN I) are formed by ______
axons of the olfactory neurons
Match the taste with the chemical substance that produces it. Sweet___ Sour___ Salty___ Bitter___ Umami___
b. sucrose e. hydrogen ions d. sodium ions a. many alkaloids c. glutamate
The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the __________.
basilar membrane
Fill in the blanks: The spiral organ sits on the ______ membrane, and the stereocilia of the outer hair cells contact the _____ membrane.
basilar, tectorial
Match the cell type with the correct stimulus. Rod or cone ______ Hair cell in cochlea______ Gustatory cell______ Olfactory neuron ______ Hair Cell in vestibule_____
c. photon e.sound wave d.taste substance b. odorant a. head movement
What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing?
cochlea
What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color?
cone
The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the __________.
cornea
Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina?
cornea and lens
What nerves carry information about the special senses to the CNS?
cranial nerves only
What detects dynamic equilibrium?
crista ampullaris
In the dark (absence of a stimulus), the photoreceptors are __________.
depolarized
The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are __________.
fibrous, vascular, and neural layers
Which cell has receptors specialized to detect different tastes?
gustatory cell
which cranial nerve is not involved in the gustatory sense?
hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Where are sensations integrated with memories of past experiences?
limbic system
The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the __________.
maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule
gustatory cells have______
microvilli that project into the taste pore
The startle reflex occurs when auditory information reaches the __________.
midbrain
The activation of the olfactory receptors require that the odorant become immersed in ________
mucus
Tears normally flow from the lacrimal sac into the
nasolacrimal duct
Neural sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, except for the sensation of __________.
olfaction
The axons of the olfactory nerve terminate in the _____
olfactory bulb
Fill in the blanks: In an olfactory neuron, the binding of an _____ to its membrane receptor triggers a (n) ______ potential in the axons of the _____
ordorant, action, olfactory
where is the primary gustatory cortex located?
parietal lobe
The three types of cones are designated __________.
red,green,blue
the axons from the nasal retina in the left eye terminate in the :
right lateral geniculate nucleus
which cells in the retina are depolarized in darkness?
rods and cones
What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel receptors, and the cell depolarizes?
salty
Olfaction is the sense of __________.
smell
What is not part of the auditory pathway in the CNS??
superior colliculus
Question 3: What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together?
tarsal gland
The primary olfactory cortex is located in the:
temporal lobe
Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness?
temporal lobe
To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried?
thalamus
The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input from __________.
the cochlea
The macula in the utricle detects:
tilting head to one side
What is NOT part of the inner ear?
tympanic membrane
What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
As sound waves travel into the ear, they pass from the auditory canal to the __________.
tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea
Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information about sounds and head position and movement to the brain?
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
