Chapter 15 Review Wks
forensics
the scientific study of evidence from a crime scene
DNA Microarray
a technique that allows scientists to study thousands of genes at once
DNA fingerprinting
a technique that allows the identification of individuals using differences in their DNA
Examples of Inbreeding
elberta peaches
Which of the following is not an example of a genetically engineered organism
moss that grows in the wild
______ is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms.
Biotechnology
What type of technology can help identify a person
DNA fingerprinting
Which statement is true about DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting can be used to help criminals.
Bacteria that clean up radioactive substances
Radiation or chemicals
The technology that makes copies of DNA is called ____.
PCR
Larger, stronger banana trees
Polyploidy
Watermelons that grow faster and larger
Polyploidy
Bacteria that clean up metal pollution
Radiation or Chemicals
______ consists of allowing only those organisms with particular characteristics to produce the next generation.
Selective breeding
Lionel breeds dogs. He only wants dogs with short, brown fur. Which of the following dogs should Lionel not use for breeding
a dog with long, white fur
As a first step toward finding a gene, Douglas Prasher studied the ____ sequence of part of a protein.
amino acid
Plasmids are found in which type of cells
bacteria cells
Forensic scientists can study DNA from:
blood samples, sperm, and tissue
Examples of Hybridization
burbank potatoes that are resistant to diseases
transgenic organism or clone: A colony of bacteria that grows from one bacterium.
clone
transgenic organism or clone: A lamb that is born with the same DNA as a donor cell.
clone
transgenic
containing genes from another species
Inbreeding
continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
Hybridization
crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
Which disease could possibly be prevented through genetic testing
cystic fibrosis
true or false: Examining the properties of a transgenic organism allows scientists to discover the function of the transferred chromosomes.
false: gene
true or false: An organism that contains one or more genes from another species is inbred.
false: trangenic
true or false: GM foods are required to undergo safety testing before they enter the US market.
false; are not required
true or false: Hybridization crosses similar individuals to bring together the best of both.
false; dissimilar
true or false: Federal laws in the US require that GM foods be labeled as such.
false; do not require
true or false: In DNA fingerprinting, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene.
false; gene therapy
true or false: With all the questions raised about GM agriculture, the wider use of biotechnology has been blocked.
false; has not been
true or false: The individuals produced by crossing dissimilar parents are purebreds.
false; hybrids
true or false: The continued crossing of individuals with similar characteristics is hybridization.
false; inbreeding
true or false: Growing GM crops requires more energy resources than growing traditional crops.
false; less
During the technique of ______, Prasher matched the mRNA to a DNA fragment that contained the gene for GFP.
gel electrophoresis
Genetic engineers can transfer _____ from one organism to another.
genes
A gene that allows scientists to distinguish a cell that carries recombinant DNA from one that does not is a ______.
genetic marker
a gene that scientists use to find transformed bacteria
genetic marker
Because of their replication processes, plasmids are excellent carriers of:
genetic markers
In the process called _____, dissimilar organisms are crossed in order to obtain bigger or stronger offspring.
hybridization
When organisms that are genetically similar are crossed over and over to produce the next generation, this process is called _____.
inbreeding
Why is DNA ligase so important in recombinant DNA technology
it joins two DNA fragments together
Prasher next found the _____ base sequence that coded for the proteins.
mRNA
clone
one of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
The small, circular DNA molecule in a bacterial cells is a _______.
plasmid
Southern blot analysis uses ______ probes to bind to fragments with complementary base sequences.
radioactive
The DNA that results from the transfer of DNA from one organism into another is _______.
recombinant DNA
What do genetic engineers use to create the "sticky ends" needed to splice two fragments of DNA together
restriction enzymes
Hybridization and inbreeding are both types of:
selective breeding
Why must a genetically engineered plasmid contain a genetic marker
to separate cells that contain recombinant DNA from those that do not
A recombinant plasmid can be used to:
transform a bacterium
transgenic organism or clone: A bacterium that can produce human insulin.
transgenic organism
transgenic organism or clone: A goat that produces spider's silk in its milk.
transgenic organism
transgenic organism or clone: A plant that is grown from a cell into which Agrobacterium has incorporated recombinant DNA.
transgenic organism
gene therapy
treating a disease by changing a gene
true or false: Carefully designed DNA molecules can achieve gene replacement.
true
true or false: Human growth hormone is now widely available because it is mass produced by recombinant viruses.
true
true or false: Inbreeding increases the risk of genetic defects.
true
true or false: Most GM plants are grown in the United States.
true
true or false: Plant cells sometimes take up DNA on their own if their cell walls are absent.
true
true or false: Prospective parents can find out if they carry the alleles for a genetic disease through genetic testing.
true
true or false: Selective breeding works because of the natural genetic variation in a population.
true
true or false: Transgenic organisms can be made by inserting recombinant DNA into the genome of the host organism.
true
Which of the following is not an ethical issue
using genetic engineering to cure disease
What is one reason to allow cloned animals into the food supply
we do not know if cloned animals are safe to eat