Chapter 15 Review Wks

forensics

the scientific study of evidence from a crime scene

DNA Microarray

a technique that allows scientists to study thousands of genes at once

DNA fingerprinting

a technique that allows the identification of individuals using differences in their DNA

Examples of Inbreeding

elberta peaches

Which of the following is not an example of a genetically engineered organism

moss that grows in the wild

______ is the application of a technological process, invention or method to living organisms.

Biotechnology

What type of technology can help identify a person

DNA fingerprinting

Which statement is true about DNA fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting can be used to help criminals.

Bacteria that clean up radioactive substances

Radiation or chemicals

The technology that makes copies of DNA is called ____.

PCR

Larger, stronger banana trees

Polyploidy

Watermelons that grow faster and larger

Polyploidy

Bacteria that clean up metal pollution

Radiation or Chemicals

______ consists of allowing only those organisms with particular characteristics to produce the next generation.

Selective breeding

Lionel breeds dogs. He only wants dogs with short, brown fur. Which of the following dogs should Lionel not use for breeding

a dog with long, white fur

As a first step toward finding a gene, Douglas Prasher studied the ____ sequence of part of a protein.

amino acid

Plasmids are found in which type of cells

bacteria cells

Forensic scientists can study DNA from:

blood samples, sperm, and tissue

Examples of Hybridization

burbank potatoes that are resistant to diseases

transgenic organism or clone: A colony of bacteria that grows from one bacterium.

clone

transgenic organism or clone: A lamb that is born with the same DNA as a donor cell.

clone

transgenic

containing genes from another species

Inbreeding

continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

Hybridization

crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms

Which disease could possibly be prevented through genetic testing

cystic fibrosis

true or false: Examining the properties of a transgenic organism allows scientists to discover the function of the transferred chromosomes.

false: gene

true or false: An organism that contains one or more genes from another species is inbred.

false: trangenic

true or false: GM foods are required to undergo safety testing before they enter the US market.

false; are not required

true or false: Hybridization crosses similar individuals to bring together the best of both.

false; dissimilar

true or false: Federal laws in the US require that GM foods be labeled as such.

false; do not require

true or false: In DNA fingerprinting, an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal, working gene.

false; gene therapy

true or false: With all the questions raised about GM agriculture, the wider use of biotechnology has been blocked.

false; has not been

true or false: The individuals produced by crossing dissimilar parents are purebreds.

false; hybrids

true or false: The continued crossing of individuals with similar characteristics is hybridization.

false; inbreeding

true or false: Growing GM crops requires more energy resources than growing traditional crops.

false; less

During the technique of ______, Prasher matched the mRNA to a DNA fragment that contained the gene for GFP.

gel electrophoresis

Genetic engineers can transfer _____ from one organism to another.

genes

A gene that allows scientists to distinguish a cell that carries recombinant DNA from one that does not is a ______.

genetic marker

a gene that scientists use to find transformed bacteria

genetic marker

Because of their replication processes, plasmids are excellent carriers of:

genetic markers

In the process called _____, dissimilar organisms are crossed in order to obtain bigger or stronger offspring.

hybridization

When organisms that are genetically similar are crossed over and over to produce the next generation, this process is called _____.

inbreeding

Why is DNA ligase so important in recombinant DNA technology

it joins two DNA fragments together

Prasher next found the _____ base sequence that coded for the proteins.

mRNA

clone

one of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

The small, circular DNA molecule in a bacterial cells is a _______.

plasmid

Southern blot analysis uses ______ probes to bind to fragments with complementary base sequences.

radioactive

The DNA that results from the transfer of DNA from one organism into another is _______.

recombinant DNA

What do genetic engineers use to create the "sticky ends" needed to splice two fragments of DNA together

restriction enzymes

Hybridization and inbreeding are both types of:

selective breeding

Why must a genetically engineered plasmid contain a genetic marker

to separate cells that contain recombinant DNA from those that do not

A recombinant plasmid can be used to:

transform a bacterium

transgenic organism or clone: A bacterium that can produce human insulin.

transgenic organism

transgenic organism or clone: A goat that produces spider's silk in its milk.

transgenic organism

transgenic organism or clone: A plant that is grown from a cell into which Agrobacterium has incorporated recombinant DNA.

transgenic organism

gene therapy

treating a disease by changing a gene

true or false: Carefully designed DNA molecules can achieve gene replacement.

true

true or false: Human growth hormone is now widely available because it is mass produced by recombinant viruses.

true

true or false: Inbreeding increases the risk of genetic defects.

true

true or false: Most GM plants are grown in the United States.

true

true or false: Plant cells sometimes take up DNA on their own if their cell walls are absent.

true

true or false: Prospective parents can find out if they carry the alleles for a genetic disease through genetic testing.

true

true or false: Selective breeding works because of the natural genetic variation in a population.

true

true or false: Transgenic organisms can be made by inserting recombinant DNA into the genome of the host organism.

true

Which of the following is not an ethical issue

using genetic engineering to cure disease

What is one reason to allow cloned animals into the food supply

we do not know if cloned animals are safe to eat