bio quiz 11: cell growth and division
What are some of the difficulties a cell faces as it increases in size?
1. the larger a cell becomes, the less efficient it is in moving nutrients and waste materials across its membrane 2. as a cell grows it creates a great demand to its own DNA - Information overload
How many DNA molecules do human cells have?
2
Compare a cell that has grown too large to be efficient with a wireless network with too many users. Explain how both have the same two problems noted for the growing city we saw in our PowerPoint. Demonstrate how "division" can work in both cases.
A cell that has grown too large to be efficient is similar to a wireless network because it becomes slower and less efficient; similar to many users on one network, the server will slow down. Both have the same problem as the growing city because the " town" or network works better when there are fewer people and are more efficient with a smaller number. This is similar to the cell because as the cell grows, the less efficient it becomes. Division can work in both cases because the fewer people at one library or network, the better. You can distribute it out better similar to a cell. For example, instead of having ten people in the library, you could have 5 and 5, which would make the work faster.
During telophase, what does each new forming cell create?
A nucleus
How do asexual and sexual reproduction compare?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique
How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?
Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues. Cancer cells duo not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells.
What is the result of mitosis?
Cell division
What must happen before mitosis can occur?
DNA must replicate
When does interphase happen?
Interphase happens before mitosis. During interphase, the cell does normal cell activities like making proteins.
After interphase, what begins?
Mitosis
What two factors limit the size of a cell and what is the solution for a cell to sole these complications?
One factor is the more extensive a cell becomes, the more difficult it is to move waste and less efficiently, and as a cell grows, it creates a greater demand for its DNA. The solution is cell division.
What two factors limit the size of a cell? What is the solution for a cell to do to solve these complications?
One factor is the more extensive a cell becomes, the more difficult it is to move waste and less efficiently, and as a cell grows, it creates a greater demand for its DNA. The solution is cell division.
Anaphase
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
What occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids split up.
How is the cell cycle regulated?
The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins both inside and outside the cell.
Usually, at the same time telophase occurs, cytokinesis also occurs. What Happens during cytokinesis (in an animal cell)?
The cell splits into two diploid cells
What is an essential part of prophase? What happens?
The chromosomes condense and become visible.
What occurs during metaphase?
The chromosomes line up a single in the middle of the cell.
Although not mentioned in this activity, explain how cytokinesis occurs in eukaryotic plant cells.
The cell plate forms halfway between the divided nuclei and the Cell plate begins to develop into cell membranes that separate 2 daughter cells. Then the cell wall forms in between new membranes
Although each of the chromosomes needed to move to the cell's opposite ends, they were trapped inside the nucleus. Because of this, what happens to the nucleus?
The nucleus needs to disappear
To divide up the DNA, where do each of the chromosomes need to move to?
The opposite side of the cell
asexual reproduction
The production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Above represents a library in a busy, growing town. What exactly does the library represent? Identify two reasons why this is the right choice for the analogy.
The town is the cell, and the library is the DNA. This is a right choice of an analogy because a library in a town contains information about the town, like the DNA contains information about the cell. This also shows that as the library gets busier, it is harder to exchange/ check out books similar to a cell growing and needing exchange materials.
How does a library in a busy town relate to cell division?
The town is the cell, and the library is the DNA. This is a right choice of an analogy because a library in a town contains information about the town, like the DNA contains information about the cell. This also shows that as the library gets busier, it is harder to exchange/ check out books similar to a cell growing and needing exchange materials.
During telophase, what happens to the chromosomes? What do they look like now?
They create a cell and shrivel up
If a cell has two pieces of chromatin, what does it mean about the DNA molecules?
This means it has 2 DNA molecules.
Aphids are a type of species that can reproduce asexually in the spring and the summer. They then reproduce sexually in the fall. How might this pattern help this species' chances of survival?
This pattern helps aphids. When they produce asexually, they can reproduce faster because they do not need to find a mate. They have a chance to replicate their DNA completely. However, when they reproduce sexually, they have an opportunity to evolve genetically and become stronger. This gives them a chance for more spices and more pungent spices and is because 50% of their DNA is copied and 50% of their mates are.
What occurs during telophase
Two diploid daughter cells are formed.
After mitosis and cytokinesis are complete, what is the result?
Two genetically identical cells are produced.
During prophase, each chromosome has how many halves? What is each of these halves called?
Two halves are called sister chromosomes.
What is chromatin?
Uncoiled DNA
Why is it necessary for your body to create more cells?
Your body needs it for growth, development, and tissue repair.
cell cycle
a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells
chromosome
a package of DNA(genetic material)
during what stage do the chromosomes pull apart
anaphase
in interphase the DNA is in the for of loose threads called
chromatin
during prophase DNA condenses into X-shaped structures called
chromosomes
the spindle attaches tp what structures
chromosomes
Cancer
disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
during metaphase the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell called the
equator
Prophase
first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible
during which stage does DNA copy itself
interphase
what is the name for the in between phase in cell division
interphase
tumor
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
another name for cell division is
mitosis
what structure reappears during telophase
nucelar membrane
sexual reproduction
offspring produced inherit some of their genetic information from each parent
Cyclin
one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
growth factor
one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells
Chromatid
one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
Mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
Interphase
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions in which the cell grows
Metaphase
phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
Telophase
phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
during what phase does the spindle form
prophase
What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
prophase , metaphase, anaphase, telaphase
Centromere
region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
Centriole
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
Chromatin
the combination of the DNA and protein
cell division
the process by which a cell divides into 2 new daughter cells
Apoptosis
the process of the programed death cell