Chapter 15 Vocabulary-India and the Indian Ocean Basin

Sufis

Islamic mystics; encouraged a person, emotional, devotional approach to Islam; placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules

Sultanate of Delhi

Islamic state; established their capital of Delhi, a strategic site controlling access from the Punjab to the Ganges Valley; ruled Northern India(1206-1526 CE)

Bhakti Movement

a cult of love and devotion that ultimately sought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam; emerged in southern India during the 12th century; originally encouraged traditional poetry and devotion to Hindy values

Melaka

a powerful state that sponsored the faith throughout the Region; founded during late 14th century by Paramesvara; had built a substantial navy; became powerful through the control of maritime trade

Indian Ocean Basin(trade)

a trading route

Axum

an African Kingdom; illustrates the potential of trade to support political as well as economic development throughout the Indian Ocean Basin; originally a small kingdom; founded int he highlands of northern Ethiopia; founded around the 1st century

Angkor Wat

dominated affairs in southeast Asia; testify eloquently to the influence of Indian traditions in southeast Asia

Mahmud of Ghazni

leader of the Turks in Afghanistan; soon turned his attention to the rich land to the south; a complex figure; in 1001 and 1027, he mounted seventeen raiding expeditions into India

Raja

means "king"; Sanskrit used it for themselves and claimed divine sanction for their rule in the manner of Hindu rulers in India

Shiva

one of the important deities in the Hindu pantheon; was both a god f fertility and destructive deity; he brought life but also took it away who its season had passed

Vishnu

one of the most important deities in the Hindu pantheon; preserver of the world; a god who observed the universe from the heavens and who occasionally entered the world in human form to resist evil or communicate his teachings

Monsoons

rhythms of wind......

Sind

the Indus River Valley in northwestern India; incorporated it as a province of the expanding Umayyad empire

Funan

the first state known to have reflected India influence in this fashion; dominated the lower reaches of the Mekong River between 1st and 6th centuries

Kingdom of Vijayanagar

the second state that dominated much of southern India; based in the northern Deccan; owed its origin to efforts by the sultans of Delhi to extend their authority to southern India; Vijayanagar means "city of victory"

Khmers

turned to Buddhism during the 12th and 13th centuries; added Buddhist temples

Dhows

type of ship; favored by India, Persian, and Arab sailors; averaged 100 tons burden

Junks

type of ship; sailed the Indian ocean; some could carry 1000 tons of cargo

Kabir (guru Kabir)

(1440-1518 CE) a blind weaver who was one of the most famous bahakti teachers; went so far as to teach that Shiva, Vishmy, and Allah were all manifestations of a single, universal deity, whom all devout believers could find within their own hearts

Srivijaya

(670-1025 CE) an Indian kingdom; right after the fall of Hunan; political leadership in southeast Asia passed to this; built a powerful navy and controlled commerce in southeast Asian waters

Chola Kingdom

(850-1267 CE) the first Indian kingdom; situated in the deep south; ruled the coromandel for 4 centuries; rulers did not build a tightly centralized state; they allowed considerable autonomy for local and village institutions

Mahabharata

Indian literature; Massive ancient Indian epic that was developed orally for centuries; it tells of an epic ciil war between two family branches

Ramayana

Indian literature; ancient Indian masterpiece about the hero Rama that symbolized the victory of dharm(order) over adherma(chaos)

Harsha

(reigned 606-648 CE); temporarily restored unified rule in most of northern India and sought to revive imperial authority; came to the throne foothill kingdom in the lower Ganges Valley at the age sixteen; led an army through Northern India; made influence to several Himalayan states; enjoyed a reputation for piety, liberality, and even scholarship; was a Buddhist

Bhagavata Purana

....

Ramanuja

Brahmin philosopher; took the Upanishads as a point of departure for subtle reasoning and sophisticated metaphysics; a devotee centuries CE; challenged Shankara's uncompromising insistence on logic; his thought reflected the deep influence of devotional cults; thought intellectual understanding of ultimate reality was less important than personal upon with the deity

Shankara

Brahmin philosopher; took the Upanishads as a point of departure for subtle reasoning and sophisticated metaphysics; a southern Indian devotee of Shiva who was active during the early 9th century; took upon himself to digest all sacred Hindu writings and harmonic their sometimes contradictory teachings into a single, consistent system of thought