Chapter 16, 17, 18 Nutrition
Infants born to women who exercise tend to __ than babies born to non exercising mothers.
- Be more neurologically mature - Be leaner
What symptoms may an infant have if he/she develops an allergic reaction to milk
- Blood in the stool - Vomiting -Constipation
Intakes of which micronutrients tend to be suboptimal in many adults
- Calcium - Vitamin D - Vitamin B-6
What are some precautions a person should take when using complementary approaches to health to reduce the risk of negative effects
- Check with a physician - Use one product at a time - Keep a diary of symptoms
What is likely to decrease milk production
- Consuming alcoholic drinks - Cocaine -Marijuana
Which of the following are issues with teen pregnancies
- Enter pregnancy underweight - Low nutrient intake - Gain too little during pregnancy
Identify strength training recommendations for older adults
- Exercise different muscle groups in each sessions -Rest between exercise sets -Exercise the major muscle groups
Of the additional 800 calories per day required for milk production, approximately
- Half should come from fat stored during pregnancy - Half should come from the diet
Multiple previous pregnancies or pregnancies occuring less than 1 year apart increase the risk that future pregnancies will result in a
- Low birth weight infant - Premature birth
Adequate intakes of potassium are needed for
- Maintaining fluid balance - Contracting muscles - transmitting nerve impulses
What can occur if prenatal care is inadequate
- Maternal deficiencies can harm the developing fetus - Chronic diseases can increase the risk of fetal damage
What are some side effects of eating alone
- People who eat alone choose fewer nutrient-dense foods - Many people who eat alone become apathetic toward life
Identify a strategy to encourage teenage boys to make healthy food choices
- Serve non-fat or low-fat dairy products -Stress the importance of nutrition for physical development -Stress the importance of physical activity
Which of the following are food items a breastfeeding mother may need to stop consuming if she suspects her infant is suffering from colic
- Strong flavored vegetables - Chocolate milk products
What are some benefits of the proteins found in human breast milk compared to cows
- They are easier to digest they are less likely to cause allergic reaction - They are less stressful to infant kidneys
Which of the following statements are true about typical teenager eating patterns
- They do not eat enough fruits and vegetables - They choose foods in higher in salt and added calories
What are the daily protein needs for infants
-1.5 g/k.g body weight - Nearly twice as much as adults
Which of the following is true about vitamin K
-American Academy of Pediatrics recommends infants receive a vitamin K injection at birth -Intestinal bacteria produces vitamin K -Infants are born with little ounces of vitamin K
What are some psychosocial factors that affect nutritional status among older adults
-Apathy -Grief -Depression
What are some alternative treatment options for pregnancy-induced hypertension that can be used if it is too soon to deliver the infant
-Bed rest - Magnesium sulfate treatment
Babies born to obese women are at increased risk of __
-Being stillborn. - Becoming obese -Birth defects
The DRI's for adults are divided by gender into 4 age groups. These changes in nutrient needs take into consideration the following
-Body composition changes, -organ function changes, -metabolic changes
Which is an appropriate milestone for young children regarding self-feedings
-By age 5 or 4 children can use a fork efficiently -At 1 year of age infants can drink from a cup
Which two supplements should not be taken together to avoid competition for absorption
-Calcium -Iron
Which statements are true about colostrum
-Colostrum is a thin, yellowish fluid -Colostrum is the first fluid released from the breast at the end of pregnancy
Why are some sources of milk inappropriate choices for infants
-Cows milk is low of vitamin C & E - Goat's milk is low in folate, vitamin c, iron -The protein in cows milk is difficult for infants to digest
Which of the following are true about cravings during pregnancy
-Cravings may not affect a pregnant woman's health as long as her diet is adequate in nutrients and calories -Some cravings during pregnancy are for nonfood substances like clay and rubber bands
What are some negative effects that medications and supplements can have on the body
-Diuretic and laxatives can cause excess water loss, - iron supplements can interfere with the functioning of zinc and copper - Antibiotics can deplete the body of vitamin K
What are some strategies a pregnant woman can use to reduce morning sickness
-Eat saltines prior to getting out of bed - Avoid greasy of fried food - Avoid large fluid intake in the morning
What are some guidelines for healthy eating in later years
-Eat with friends and family -keep easy-to-prepare meals on hand - eat regularly
Please pair the term with its correct definition
-Embryo~ Developing life form from the beginning of the third week until to he end of the eighth week after conception. -Ovum~ The egg cell from which a fetus eventually develops. -Fetus~ from the beginning of the ninth week after conception until birth. -Zygote~ Fertilized ovum; the cell resulting from the union of the ovum and sperm.
What adverse health events are associated with uncontrolled eclampsia
-Fetal death - Liver and kidney damage - Maternal death
Which populations are multivitamins and mineral supplements recommended during pregnancy
-Frequent dieters -Vegans -Teenagers
Vitamin K~ Vitamin D~ Vitamin B-12~
-Given to all infants at birth -Given to breastfeed and formula fed infants until intake of formula or solid food to provides adequate amounts -Breastfeed infants whose mothers are vegan
Many older Americans suffer from diet related chronic diseases such as
-Heart disease, -osteoporosis, -certain cancers
Which of the following are not approved by the FDA
-Herbal Supplements -Dietary Supplements
What is the result of a low folate intake
-Impaired normal growth -Neural tube defects in offspring in teenage girls
Benefits of physical activity include
-Improving balance, -sleep, -increasing muscle strength
Rank the group with the highest protein requirements to the lowest protein requirements relative to body weight
-Infants -Children -Adolescents -Adults
Pregnant women can usually ease or avoid heartburn symptoms by
-Limiting caffeine intake -Avoiding spicy food
What are the effects of inadequate magnesium intake
-Loss of bone strength - Poor heart rhythm -Muscular weight
What are some effects caused by the gradual loss of nerve cells
-Loss of memory -impaired reasoning
What are the following benefits of maintaining lean body mass in elderly
-Maintains basal metabolic rate - Keeps body fat low - Decreases risk of dehydration
Which are characteristics body composition changes in males seen by the end of adolescences
-Males have a heavier skeleton compared to females -Males have a higher concentration of red blood cells from females
Which changes can influence nutrient and calorie needs
-Menopause -Less of lean body tissue
Infants born to women who consumed insufficient calories are
-More likely to die soon after death -small
What are indicators of a well-nourished breastfed infant
-Normal weight gain -6 or more wet diapers per day -Stools that look like lumpy mustard
Correct situation with its associated adverse health even
-Obese Pregnant Women~ High Blood pressure, gestational diabetes, and difficult delivery -Infant born to Obese Woman~ Birth defects, death within the first few weeks after birth, obesity during childhood may be experienced. -Underweight pregnant woman~ Lighter placenta, lower nutrient stores (Iron) - Infant born to underweight mother ~ Low birthweight and increased risk of being premature may be experienced.
The prevalence of which of these chronic diseases rise with age__
-Obesity -Heart disease -Osteoporosis
What are some ways parents can encourage healthy eating in their preschoolers
-Offer a variety of healthy foods -Give children some freedom in choosing which type of food to eat and how much to eat
What are some possible causes of low body image that may develop in teenagers
-Peer pressure -Messages from the media -Physical changes of adolescents
Who provides the greatest influence on the nutrition education of children as they grow older
-Peers -Media -Teachers
Which factors contribute to edema during pregnancy
-Placental Hormones -Blood Volume
The American Academy of pediatrics recommends a vitamin and mineral supplement for children who are
-Poor eaters -Vegan
What ate the main consequences of failure to think
-Poor physical growth - impaired mental development
__ should never take supplements unless under the guidance of a physician
-Pregnant women -children under 2 years of age -people over the age of 65
What are the adverse health affects associated with iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy
-Preterm Delivery -Increased risk for fetal death -Low birth weigh infants
Black Cohosh ~ Garlic- Ginseng- Echinacea- Ginger
-Reduce post menopausal symptoms -Reduce blood cholesterol or blood pressure -Relieve stress -Stimulate immune systems -Motion sickness and nausea
What are some advantages of breastfeeding for the mother
-Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes - Decreases the risk of ovarian and premenopausal breast cancer -Potential for quicker return to prepregnancy weight
Which statements are true regarding the function of the placenta
-Removes waste products from the fetus to the mother -Exchanges nutrients, oxygen, and other gases between the mother and fetus -Releases hormones to maintain the pregnancy
Which are signs of successful aging
-Slow decline of physiological function -Late onset of chronic disease
What are some programs funded by the USDA that help women of low socioeconomic status procure foods and nutrition education
-Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) -Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) -Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
The brain releases the hormone oxytocin to trigger
-Uterine contractions -let down reflex
What nutrients are impacted when menopause occurs
-Vitamin D needs may increase -Calcium needs may increase -Iron needs decline
What are some physiological changes that occur with aging
-Weakened sense if thirst -Reduced bowel function -Decreased vision
Teenagers in which of the following sports are likely to restrict calories in an attempt to keep weight down
-Wrestling - Gymnastics
What are some factors that cause a failure to thrive in children
-inborn errors of metabolism -infections -Physical abnormalities
What are some examples of reasonable dietary approaches for the lactating mother to optimize nursing for both infant and maternal health
-moderate fat intake - Consume approximately an extra 400-500 calories per day - Well-balanced diet
What is considered healthy weight gain for a pregnant woman during the second and third trimesters
0.8- 1 pound per week
Adults over the age of 65 should limit alcohol consumption to no more than __
1 drink per day
At what pace do experts recommend adding new foods to a baby's diet
1 ingredient at a time
How long does it take for an infant to establish his or her own growth percentile
1 to 3 years
Match the time frame during pregnancy with the correct term for each developmental stage
1-2 Weeks~ Zygote 3-8 Weeks~ Embryo 9-40 Weeks~ Fetus
List the steps in the process of the let-down reflex in order from start to finish
1. Sucking stimulates nerves in the nipple and areola 2. The pituitary releases oxytocin and prolactin 3. Oxytocin stimulates release of milk
What age are most females when there height increases at the fastest rate
11
When does the greatest weight gain occur in makes after the fast growth seen during infancy
13-17
What is the fiber recommendation for children after one year of age
14 grams per 1000 calories
Brain development is three quarters complete by __ years of age
2
How many ounces of milk do infants need every 2 to 4 hours
2 to 3 ounces
Consuming a variety of nutrient-dense foods, limiting added sugar intake, and balancing energy intake with energy output are all suggestions made by
2015 dietary guidelines for Americans
During the first trimester, the calorie needs for an active, pregnant woman are approximately
2200 kcal
Approximately how many calories are allowed during the second and third trimesters to allow for a healthy pregnancy
2600
All adults should manage in moderate intensity aerobic activity for __ minutes daily at least five times per day
30
How many additonal calories are needed by pregnant women during the second and third trimester
350 to 450 kcal per day
Total fat should account for about __of a baby's calories intake
40 to 55
A favorable pregnancy outcome is a full-term gestation period of
40 weeks
Nutrition experts agree that most babies are not ready for solid food until __ of age
6 months
The American Academy of Pediatric recommends breastfeeding exclusively from birth until __
6 months
Transitional formula is designed for infants age __
6 months to 2 years
Match the healthy people 2020 goals for breastfeeding infants
82%- Breastfeeding at the time of discharge 61%- Breastfeeding for 6 months 34%- Breastfeeding at one year
When does the majority of bone formation occur
9 to 18
The calorie needs of physically inactive adults fall steadily throughout adulthood due to
A gradual decline in basal metabolism
Individuals with __ have increased needs for energy and some vitamins and minerals
AIDS
The total fat intake of adults of all ages is often __ the recommendations
Above at
An example of a complementary approach to health is
Acupuncture along with medications to control pain
When is half of peak adult bone mass achieved
Adolescence
__ is the longest stage of the life cycles, it begins when an adolescent completes his or her physical growth
Adulthood
During pregnancy, caffeine can __
Affect fetal heart rate Decrease blood flow through the placenta Affect fetal breathing
During which stage of life are the body systems at their peek efficiency rate __
Ages 19 to 30
Nutrient dense foods can be displaced during pregnancy in women that consume
Alcohol
High blood cholesterol alterations in protein production, poor blood glucose regulation, and high free radical levels are all possible causes of
Alzheimer's disease
Which of these following diseases is not directly diet-related but can be treated or prevented with proper nutrition
Alzheimer's disease
Use meal replacement products~ Seek non-dairy calcium sources~ Wear sunglasses in sunny conditions~ Preform regular physical activity~
Appetite decrease with age Lactase production declines Sense of vision declines Lean body mass decreases
What is one of the best promoters of optimal fetal growth
Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy
Which disease has over 100 forms and causes the degeneration and roughening of the once smooth cartilage that covers and cushions the bone joints
Arthritis
This vitamin is a particular problem for older adults as deficiency can exist even with adequate dietary intake
B-12
Which B vitamin is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for pregnant women to prevent or treat nausea
B-6
The best indicator of a child's nutritional status is
Growth
The two factors associated with the high caloric needs of the infant include rapids __ growth and high __ rate
Growth; metabolic
A child who was breastfed during the first 6 months of life has a decreased chance of developing __ problems
Health
Straining to excrete dry hard stools when constipated during pregnancy may cause the formation of __
Hemorrhoids
Germander, pokeroot, comfrey, Yohimbe and chaparral are all __ remedies known to pose significant health risks
Herbal
What are factors that significantly influence at the rate at which a person ages
Hereditary, Life style, Environment
In some cases, the nutrient and calorie demands of lactation are
Higher than
Standards for infants formulas are set to help formulas match the nutrient composition of
Human milk
The nutrient composition and bioavailability of __ are designed by nature to meet the needs of human babies
Human milk
What is the medical condition characterized by distractibility, impulsiveness, disruptive behavior, and overactivity__
Hyperactivity
Severe nausea that continues beyond 14 weeks of gestation is known as, __ , a serious condition that may require hospitalization
Hyperemesis Gravidarium
Continually receiving minimal qualities of food may
Impair growth and development
Which is the best statement in reference to strategies for a successful pregnancy
Improving health status prior to conception will increase the chance of a successful pregnancy
An underweight woman may improve her pregnancy outcome by __ more weight before or during pregnancy relative to normal or overweight women.
Increasing
During which life stage is brain growth the fastest
Infancy
The greatest nutrient needs occur when the growth rate is highest. At what life stage does this occur
Infancy
When are fluid needs the greatest per pound of body weight
Infancy
Intakes of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may improve which of the following during pregnancy
Infant Birth Weight, height and gestation duration
Who may experience the condition known as colic
Infants
Iodine needs can be easily met by pregnant women throughout the use of __ salt
Iodized
Frequent use of aspirin, bleeding ulcers, and hemorrhoid's can potentially lead to an __ deficiency
Iron
What is the most common form of malnutrition during the adult year in North America
Iron deficiency anemia
What's the recommended first solid food
Iron fortified cereal
If an infant's poor nutrition results in stunted growth and development catch-up growth during the toddlers years __ possible dietary deficiencies are connected
Is most likely not
How do kidney nephrons affect kidney failure
Kidney nephrons filter waste from the blood stream, when they do not do their job, the kidneys will loose function
Excess protein might have a negative effect on which of the following organs
Kidneys
What is an organization that would be helpful for a mother to contact to learn more about breastfeeding her infant
La Leche league
What are some negative nutritional effects of depression
Lack of interest in food Loss of appetite
Factors that can limit breastfeeding success include
Lack of role models, information, inadequate support system
What is the main carbohydrate in breast milk
Lactose
What is the primary carbohydrate in the diets if most infants
Lactose
The calorie needs of infants is 2 to 4 times greater what is the reason for the greater calorie requirement seem in infants
Larger surface area allows a great deal of heat loss in infants
Some common food contaminants that can pose danger to a pregnant woman and her fetus include.
Lead Mercury Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Public breastfeeding _ legal in the U.S
Legal
A woman with a high BMI is recommended to gain __ weight during pregnancy than a woman with a lower BMI
Less
Breast milk is __ expensive than formula
Less
Transitional formulas generally have
Less fat, a similar amount of minerals
__ is one's pattern of living it includes food choices, exercise patterns, substance use
Lifestyle
Which of the following groups of people are at risk of a vitamin D deficiency
Limited sun exposure Do not consume milk
Milk is a __ food
Low-iron
After the 4th month, avoid exercises that are done while
Lying Down
Why is it best for a woman to avoid alcohol and caffeine when nursing
Many of the substances a mother ignites are secreted in her milk
Pair the components of weight gain during pregnancy with their corresponding weight contribution
Maternal fat stores- 4 to 8 pounds Fetus- ~8 pounds Fetus, amniotic fluid, and placenta- ~ 11 pounds
Gestation of menses in women, usually beginning at about age 50, is called
Menopause
What is a consequence of inadequate water intake for nursing mothers
Milk composition can be altered
Women should ___ their trans fatty acid intake during pregnancy
Minimize
The amount of __ available for purchasing food can have a great impact on the types and amounts of food one eats
Money
Infants require __ energy micronutrients, macronutrients per pound of body weight as other adults
More
Infants use __ water than adults to wash away the same amount of waste in the urine
More
Infants breastfeed by adolescent mothers may grow __ infants of older mothers
More slowly than
Certain hormones increase a pregnant woman's sense of smell, which contributes to__
Morning sickness
In developing countries, prolonged undernutrition during pregnancy will lead to death for the ___ in 1 in 180 births
Mother
Fats are important part of an infants diet because they are vital to the development of the __ system
Nervous
Which of the following is a condition related to a low folic acid intake during pregnancy
Neural tube effects
Which type of exercise is best for someone who is at risk of falling
Neuromotor
__ weight children have a built in feed mechanism that regulates food intakes to match their intake needs.
Normal
What is a good practice to help prevent ear infections in infants.
Not allowing a child to take a bottle to bed
Women tend to experience the most issues with breastfeeding if they were __ before pregnancy
Obese
Constipation is the main intestinal problem for people of which stage of life
Older Adulthood
Diminished lean body mass increased fat stores, and decreased body weight, are all primary changes in body composition that occur in the
Older adult years
Placenta
Organ that forms in the uterus during pregnancy and is responsible for transferring nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus and removes fetal wastes
A female who becomes pregnant within two years of mercher at greatest nutrition nutrition because she is __
Physically mature
Substance use such as alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, and smoking in teenagers tends to result in __ nutrition
Poor
Pregnancy-induced hypertension can escalate into __ and the even more ___ severe
Preeclampsia; eclampsia
During what period of a woman's life will she most likely experience morning sickness, constipation, and edmea
Pregnancy
Which is the only time during adulthood when substantial amounts of nutrients are needed for growth rather than for maintenance
Pregnancy
Smoking during pregnancy is linked to __ births
Premature
After birth, the mother produces __ , a hormone that enables her to produce milk for breastfeeding
Prolactin
The principal hormone that promotes milk production is __ and is stimulated by birth and by sucking
Prolactin
what is the name of the principal hormone that promotes milk production and is stimulated by both the birth of the baby and by sucking
Prolactin
Consuming __ in amounts slightly higher than the RDA may help preserve muscle mass in aging adults
Protein
How does a decrease in kidney function affect protein status
Protein needs may need to be adequate but not excessive
SNAP~ Child and Adult care food program~ Seniors market nutrition program~
Provides transfer cards to purchase food Provides meals and snacks for low income adults and children Low income older adults with coupons for fresh produce at community supported agriculture programs
What factors influence food and nutrient intakes of adults
Psychosocial, economic, physiological, physical
Possible factors that may interfere with normal development during pregnancy
Radiation, Trauma, Tobacco smoke
What are some factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis
Reduced absorption of vitamin D Inadequate intake of vitamin D and calcium
What type of care does a patient with Alzheimer's disease need to maintain health and improve mental health status
Regular physical activity
__ is the term for the extent to which an organ can preserve essentially normal function despite decreasing cell number or cell activity
Reserve Capacity
A diet restricted in calories during pregnancy
Results in smaller babies
A lack of vitamin D will lead to deformities and the deficiency disease called
Rickets
To easily meet the needs for iodine during pregnancy, women should use iodized
Salt
What age group is at the highest risk for malnutrition
Seniors
Pregnant women__ engage in a low to moderate physical activity program during pregnancy
Should
According to the CDC, a mother with HIV that has received antiretroviral intervention __ breastfeed
Should not
To begin weaning a mother can introduce fluids in a
Sippy Cup
How many meals a day is best for children
Six
As adulthood progresses the rate of hormone synthesis and release will
Slow
Gastroesophageal reflux occurs in infants because the lower esophageal __ does not close completely
Sphincter
The foodborne illness that poses the greatest risk during pregnancy is caused by ___
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes
Where do the fats in human milk come from__
The mothers diet synthesized by breast tissue
Folate
___is required for both DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation, which is part of the reason its RDA increases so much during pregnancy and why it is a recommended supplement for women of childbearing age
Weight loss is a problem for older people because it __ the risk of nutrition-related illness and death
increases
Pica
is the practice of eating nonfood items
What can deter women from attempting breastfeeding
lack of information, misinformation
As body tissues age it takes __ time to restore balance
more
Units of kidney cells that filter waste from the bloodstream & deposit them into the urine are called
nephrons
An __ is a surgically created opening in the intestinal tract where the endpoint usually opens from the abdominal cavity rather than the anus.. for example colostomy
ostomy
Physical development during the growing years will be impaired if __ intake is inadequate
protein
If a mother chooses to use a schedule of expressed milk and/or supplemental formula feedings it is__ that it begins 1-2 months of exclusive breastfeeding
recommended
Oxytocin causes contraction of the muscle-like cells surrounding the ducts of the __ tissue
Breast
Which statement is true about breast size during pregnancy
Breast size during pregnancy is not an indication of successful breast feeding
The potential effect of a deficiency in __ could lead to growth retardation and/or low birth weight
Calories
Smoking and a high fat diet __ a person's life expectancy even if their genetic potential is for a very long life
Can shorten
Losses in growth and development experienced during periods of poor nutrition usually __ be made up for with future good nutrition
Cannot
Which nutrients have been shown to have a variety of important anti-aging and health protective effects
Carotenoids
Zygote
Cell resulting from the union of an egg cell and a sperm until it divides
Food allergies often begin in __
Childhood
Type 2 diabetes has become common in __ due to the rise in obesity in this age group
Children, teenagers
What type of water can be added to formula without being treated
Cold water
Lactobacillus bifidus is a component of ___
Colostrum
____ Is the thin, yellowish "immature" milk that may first appear anytime from the late pregnancy to several days postpartum
Colostrum
Identify a potential reason for low fluid intake in older adults
Conscious decision to decrease fluid intake to reduce urination
A child that consumes too little fiber, water, and does not respond promptly to the urges to defecate may suffer with bouts of __
Constipation
Exercise and adequate fiber and water intake are important in the prevention of
Constipation
The term " successful" describes how physical and physiological functions __ when a person grows older only because we grow older not because of lifestyle choices
Declines
More than 20% of adults over the age of 65 have diabetes due to
Declining carbohydrate metabolism
A result in diarrhea in infants is __
Dehydration
__ caused by inadequate fluid intake, can cause mental confusion and impacted fecal matter
Dehydration
Poor zinc status may have what affect on elderly adults
Delayed wound healing
After the common cold, the most common childhood disease is __
Dental Carries
Who is best to consult about the fluoride needs of children
Dentist
Greater than 15% of home healthcare patients, or those in hospitals and nursing homes that are 65 years or older experience
Depression
What factors can influence the development of obesity in children
Dietary, Hereditary, Environmental
Infant formula made with "predigested" protein is designed to help infants
Digestive Problems
Which of the following statements is true
Diseases that accompany old age are not an inevitable part of aging
Healthy food habits for teens __ giving up favorite foods
Do not mean
The __ effect is a small change like social isolation as a result of a spouse's passing that leads to a chain of events (deteriorated diet, health decline, and inability to care for one's self)
Domino
An infant's birth weigh __ the first 4 to 6 months and __ by the first birthday
Doubled; tripled
Drug use during pregnancy is harmful to the fetus because
Drugs can reduce blood flow to the brain
If a baby sleeps with a bottle, the dripping liquid from the nipple will pool in the mouth and back up in their throat and the tubes leading to the __
Ears
What is a good method to preserve lung function
Eat a diet rich in antioxidants
Which of the following are environmental factors that influence the rate of aging
Education Income Shelter
Metabolic adjustments that help pregnant women to meet the calorie and nutrient demands of pregnancy include
Excreting less of some nutrients using some nutrients more efficiently Absorbing some nutrients more efficiently
__ can halt, slow, and even reverse reductions in lean body mass
Exercise
What lifestyle behaviors can protect the cardiovascular system
Exercising regularly, eating a low-fat diet, eating a diet moderate in sodium
Steering children towards healthful foods is likely to be more successful if parents__
Expose them to nutrition education, understand the eating behaviors if young children
Who has the greatest influence on food preferences in early childhood
Family
Fish and Supplements are a good source of omega- 3
Fatty Acids
A diet rich in __ helps adults reduce their risk of heart disease, avoid constipation, and helps them age successfully
Fiber
To help prevent birth defects during pregnancy, the amount of the B vitamins __ acid is increased from 400 micrograms each day
Folate
What are some of the most important nutrients required for proper growth
Folate, zinc, iron, calcium
Which of the following diet related causes have been proposed to cause hyperactivity__
Food additives, alternatives, large amounts of sugar
What are some ways parents can encourage healthy eating in their preschoolers
Food, smell, taste, color
Obesity is a major risk for__ disease especially in older women
Gallbladder
During pregnancy, another type of diabetes can develop in weeks 20 to 28 and is called ____ diabetes
Gestational
Which is true about formulated infants
They are more likely to be obese when compared to breastfed infants
The long-term effects that lead to poor physical growth and impaired mental development are consequences associated with a child's failure to
Thrive
The extrusion reflux is normal response present in early months of life of life that cause the __ to thrust forward when touched
Tongue
With which health condition are up to 90% of children overweight at the time of diagnosis.
Type 2 diabetes
It is ___ to eat raw meats or other raw animal products during pregnancy
Unsafe
What term refers to those changes commonly thought to be a typical or expected part of aging, such as increased body fat, declining bone mass, and increasing poor health
Usual Aging
Which of the following vitamins can be prescribed to treat severe cases of acne
Vitamin A
Men tend to be low in all of the following nutrients except
Vitamin D
The low progression of chronic diseases due to cell damage caused by free radicals is an effect of low __
Vitamin E
Many adults fail to consume adequate amounts of __ a habit that places them at risk of mild dehydration
Water
It usually takes __ of consumption of a mother's nutrient poor diet before maternal nutrient stores are depleted and her milk supply negatively affected
Weeks
___ during pregnancy is a good indication of growth and development for the fetus and health for the mother
Weight Gain
Growth charts depict the gains in __ as children age
Weight and stature that are expected
Protein, carbohydrate, and micronutrient needs __ to support pregnancy
are increased
Zinc absorption __ as stomach acid production diminishes with age
declines
Metabolic efficiency influences longevity because the rate at which people metabolize food has a __ effect on their weight
direct
