Chapter 16

Which event marked the end of the Indian wars?

Battle of Wounded Knee.

How did expanding agricultural production in places like Argentina and the American West lead to the migration of rural populations to cities?

Increasing output worldwide pushed down the prices of farm products, making it more difficult for farmers to make ends meet.

According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later ninteenth century?

Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.

Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?

It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.

Which of the following properly asseses the significance of wage labor in industrializing America during the Gilded Age?

More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

An example of what the social historian Thorsterin Veblen meant by "conspicuous consumption" is:

Mrs. Bradley Martin's costume ball.

What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?

Nothing at all.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the reasons for the tripling of railroad track miles in the United States between 1860 and 1890?

Private investment and massive grants of land and money by federal, state, and local governments spurred the building.

A middle-class American demanding a single-tax on real estate would have most likely read:

Progress and Poverty.

What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?

Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace.

In 1874, the U.S. elections system was closest to that of which European country?

Switzerland

Which of the following properly asseses the direction of the "Christian lobby" in the Gilded Age?

The "Christian lobby" sought more to legislate individual morality rather than to improve society.

How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age?

The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate for social justice and reform.

How did the legal instrument of contract help turn the philosophy of free labor into a tool for exploitation?

The idea of the contract implied an agreement between free and equal individuals, but the reality of industrial employment was far different.

Which of the following properly asseses the significance of the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890?

The law established a precedent that the national government could regulate the economy in the interest of the public good.

Which of the following properly asseses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?

The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from Southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE:

The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?

Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.

Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?

These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.

What did the books of Henry George, Laurence Gronlond, and Edward Bellamy all have in common?

They all offered decidedly optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of wealth.

What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia?

They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.

Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?

They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.

Which of the following best characterized the Democrats' position on Republicans' monetary policy during the American Gilded Age?

They largely agreed that the farmers' demands for increasing the money supply had to be resisted.

Who insisted that freedom and spiritual self-development required an equalization of wealth and power and that unbridled competition mocked the Christian ideal of brotherhood?

Walter Rauschenbusch

Which of the following properly compares the United States Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and organization during the Gilded Age?

While the court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big businesses.

Which statement about labor and the law is FALSE?

Workers generally welcomed the Court's decisions on industry.

According to Ira Steward's "Second Declaration of Independence," liberty meant little without:

a share of the wealth

Which of the following would have been least particular to the landscape of the trans-Mississippi West?

a small but prosperous vegetable farmer

Elk v. Wilkins (1884):

agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteen and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.

In his article The Gospel of Wealth for the North American Review in 1889, Andrew Carnegie tool inequality of wealth:

as a measure of civilization.

How could the federal government at the time of the Gilded Age have reduced the economy's exposure to panics and recessions?

by pursuing a non-deflationary policy

The Social Gospel:

called for an equalization of wealth and power.

The Civil Service Act of 1883:

created a merit system for government workers.

One significant impact of the second industrial revolution was:

frequent and prolonged economic depressions.

All of the following factors contributed to the explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:

low tariffs.

In the late 1870s, a small farmer from the uphill country in Georgia would have most likely:

opposed the tariff.

According to Ira Steward's "Second Declaration of Independence,":

poverty prompted slavery.

Which of the following was an exception to the rule of the relentless westward expansion of the U.S.?

the Battle of Little Big Horn

According to Andrew Carnegie's article The Gospel of Wealth in the North American Review, who was supposed to receive charitable aid?

the deserving only

In his speech "A Second Declaration of Independence," labor leader Ira Steward argued that the most pressing problem facing the nation was:

the growing gap between the rich and poor.

According to Andrew Carnegie's article The Gospel of Wealth in the North American Review, who should determine how surplus wealth is spent on the poor?

the rich

Which of the following provides evidence for the observation that the United States after the Civil War was abandoning Lincoln's America for a mature industrial society?

the surge in urban industrial manufacturing

What did Andre Carnegie identify as society's biggest challenges in the late nineteenth century in his essay 1889 The Gospel of Wealth?

wealth administration

According to Ira Steward's "Second Declaration of Independence," a sound economy rested on:

well-paid workers.