Chapter 16: Digestive System
Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels.
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
Absorption
Movement of molecules from the digestive tract into the circulation or lymphatic system
Fundus
The rounded superior portion of the stomach
Functions of the Digestive System
ingestion, mechanical processing, digestion, secretion, absorption, excretion
The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the
parietal peritoneum
Enzymes produced at the microvilli of the small intestine that break the peptide bonds in proteins to form amino acids are called
peptidases
The liver is located in the ______ abdominal quadrant.
right upper
The folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching are called
rugae
In the mouth, starch is broken down by ______.
salivary amylase
Gastroesophageal opening
Opening from the esophagus into the stomach
Elimination
Process by which waste products are removed from the body
Cardiac region
Region of the stomach near the gastroesophageal opening
What is the primary function of the stomach?
Storage and mixing chamber
The three phases of the regulation of stomach secretion in order of occurrence are the __________, __________, and intestinal phases.
cephalic gastric
The first part of the digestive tract, bounded by the lips and cheeks, is the ______.
oral cavity
The organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue, located posterior to the stomach, is the
pancreas
Amylase promotes the partial digestion of ______.
starch
The esophagus carries food directly to the ______.
stomach
A macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and three fatty acids is classified as a ______.
triglycerides
Digestion
Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts
The process of chewing is called
mastication
What type of digestion involves mastication and mixing of food?
mechanical
Stomach movements that combine ingested materials and stomach secretions to form chyme are _________ waves, and stomach movements that force chyme toward the pyloric sphincter are ___________ waves.
mixing peristaltic
The oral cavity is more commonly called the ______.
mouth
Which of these substances is NOT absorbed by the large intestine?
Glucose
Identify the part of the pharynx that does not typically function in digestion.
Nasopharynx
Triglycerides contain ______.
glycerol and fatty acids
The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _______ peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the _____________ peritoneum
visceral parietal
When chyme is dilute, water will ______.
Be absorbed across the intestinal epithelium
______ waves are relatively weak, whereas ______ waves are stronger.
Mixing; peristaltic
Identify the three phases that regulate secretion by the stomach.
Cephalic phase Gastric phase Intestinal phase
Nucleases
Chemical digestion of DNA and RNA
Lipase
Chemical digestion of fats
Amylase
Chemical digestion of polysaccharides
Proteolytic enzymes
Chemical digestion of proteins
Pyloric sphincter
Constrictor between the stomach and the small intestine
Identify the enzymes that aid in the chemical digestion of carbohydrates. Select all that apply.
Disaccharidases Amylase
Identify the types of enzymes secreted by the small intestine. Select all that apply.
Disaccharidases Peptidases
Identify the components of pancreatic juice. Select all that apply.
Enzymes to digest lipids Bicarbonate ions Enzymes to digest nucleic acids Enzymes to digest carbohydrates Enzymes to digest proteins
Bicarbonate ion
Raises the pH of the small intestine
Identify the substances absorbed by the large intestine. (Select all that apply.)
Salt Vitamin K Water
Identify the types of movements that occur within the small intestine. (Select all that apply.)
Segmental contractions Peristaltic contractions
Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Synthesis of new molecules Production of bile Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals Conversion of ammonia into urea
Ingestion
The intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach
The major divisions of the digestive system include the digestive tract and the _______ organs
associated
The cecum is the ______ of the large intestine.
beginning
The region of the large intestine located at the proximal end, where the large intestine meets the small intestine, is the
cecum
The type of digestion, which is accomplished by digestive enzymes is __________ digestion
chemical
Choose the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates production of blood proteins, including clotting factors detoxification of harmful substances nutrient storage
The process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus is called swallowing or
deglutition
The initial segment of the small intestine is called the ______.
duodenum
The laryngopharynx carries food directly to the ______.
esophagus
The structure within the mediastinum, anterior to the vertebrae and posterior to the trachea is the
esophagus
Disaccharidases and peptidases are enzymes secreted by the ______.
small intestine
Salivary amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down _________.
starch
Identify the organ of the digestive system that primarily functions as a storage and mixing chamber.
stomach
Identify the process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus.
swallowing