Chapter 16- Endocrine System

suprarenal

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

adenohypophysis.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

insulin; lowers

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar.

estrogen

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

growth hormone.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

ADH.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

mineralocorticoids.

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

synergists.

Two hormones that have additive effects are called

antagonists.

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

is characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells

Type 1 diabetes __________.

Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside

Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood?

Hormones

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

ACTH levels.

A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except

hormones; neurotransmitters

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

an increase ATP production.

An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except

mobilization of energy reserves.

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

steroid hormones.

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except

gonadotropins.

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

composed of amino acids.

Peptide hormones are

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

Steroid hormones

water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine

What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?

aldosterone.

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

hypoglycemia.

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except

acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?

ADH

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

MSH

Proper growth does not require which of the following hormones?

little iodine in the diet.

The condition known as goiter can result from too

is responsive to osmoreceptors

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

thyroxine.

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

All of the answers are correct.

The hypophyseal portal system

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

hypothalamus.

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

insulin.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

FSH

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?

chaperone proteins (chaperonins)

What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?

Increased urination

What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst?

thyroid hormone

Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?

phosphodiesterase

Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?

The adrenal cortex stops producing glucocorticoids.

Which is a characteristic of the exhaustion phase of the stress response?

activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP

Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins?

β� receptors

Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?

cortisol

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?

epinephrine

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

erythropoietin

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

She is 50-years old and out of shape

Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus?

low blood glucose

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

IP3

Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?

The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Choose the correct statement regarding the mechanism of interaction for steroid hormones.

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Cushing's disease is a result of which of the following?

glucocorticoids.

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

acts as a second messenger.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP):

Corticotropin (ACTH)

Identify the hormone labeled "1."

diabetes mellitus.

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

PTH

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

is a component of the hypothalamus.

Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it

gigantism.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

tyrosine kinase receptors

Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor?

carbohydrates.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

integrative.

Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called