Chapter 16- Endocrine System
suprarenal
The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.
adenohypophysis.
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the
insulin; lowers
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar.
estrogen
The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.
growth hormone.
The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is
ADH.
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
mineralocorticoids.
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
synergists.
Two hormones that have additive effects are called
antagonists.
Two hormones that have opposing effects are called
is characterized by inadequate insulin production by the pancreatic beta cells
Type 1 diabetes __________.
Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside
Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood?
Hormones
________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.
ACTH levels.
A rise in cortisol would cause an increase in each of the following except
hormones; neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.
an increase ATP production.
An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except
mobilization of energy reserves.
During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is
steroid hormones.
Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except
gonadotropins.
Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called
composed of amino acids.
Peptide hormones are
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Steroid hormones
water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine
What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?
aldosterone.
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
hypoglycemia.
A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except
acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene
After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?
ADH
After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?
MSH
Proper growth does not require which of the following hormones?
little iodine in the diet.
The condition known as goiter can result from too
is responsive to osmoreceptors
The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except
thyroxine.
The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is
All of the answers are correct.
The hypophyseal portal system
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
hypothalamus.
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the
insulin.
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is
FSH
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell
What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?
chaperone proteins (chaperonins)
What keeps intracellular receptors from binding to DNA before a hormone binds to the receptor?
Increased urination
What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst?
thyroid hormone
Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
phosphodiesterase
Which intracellular substance degrades cAMP, thus inactivating the response to a hormone?
The adrenal cortex stops producing glucocorticoids.
Which is a characteristic of the exhaustion phase of the stress response?
activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP
Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins?
β� receptors
Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?
cortisol
Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?
epinephrine
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
erythropoietin
Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?
She is 50-years old and out of shape
Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus?
low blood glucose
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
IP3
Which second messenger causes the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum?
The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
Choose the correct statement regarding the mechanism of interaction for steroid hormones.
hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
Cushing's disease is a result of which of the following?
glucocorticoids.
Cushing's disease results from an excess of
acts as a second messenger.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP):
Corticotropin (ACTH)
Identify the hormone labeled "1."
diabetes mellitus.
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
PTH
Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.
is a component of the hypothalamus.
Each of the following is true of the pineal gland except that it
gigantism.
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
tyrosine kinase receptors
Growth factor hormones, such as insulin, bind to which type of receptor?
carbohydrates.
Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except
integrative.
Hormones that produce different but complementary results are called
