Chapter 16 Endocrine System
On the illustration of the human endocrine system, match the letter of the gland with its correct name.
A. hypothalamus B. pituitary gland C. thyroid gland D. adrenal gland
On the illustration of the human endocrine system, match the letter of each labeled gland with its correct name.
A. parathyroids B. thymus C. pancreas D. testes/ovaries
Testosterone is an example of a male sex hormone. Collectively, male sex hormones are called ________
Androgens
Blood calcium level is regulated in part by _____________, a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when the blood calcium level rises.
Calcitonin
hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary, and which act on other endocrine glands.
FSH ACTH TSH
True or False. Most adult diabetes have type 1 diabetes.
False
True or false: Secretion of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone is regulated by the anterior pituitary gland.
False
Collectively, the male testes and female ovaries are known as the
Gonads
Chemical messengers produced in one part of the body that control the activity of other parts are called ____________
Hormones
When aldosterone is secreted into the blood, blood pressure will
Increase
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the _______ in response to low oxygen levels in the blood.
KIDNEYS
Hormones secreted by the adrenal ___________ are a short-term response to stress or emergency situations.
Medulla
The adrenal glands consist of an inner adrenal __________ and the outer adrenal __________.
Medulla: cortex
Another term for hypothyroidism in an adult is
Myxedema
Growth hormone is what type of hormone?
Peptide
The two major types of hormones are peptide hormones and __________ hormones.
Steroid
all hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary, and which act on other endocrine glands.
TSH FSH ACTH
True or false: Pheromones produced by an individual can bring about a behavioral response in another individual of the same species.
True
Which type of diabetes is most commonly associated with insulin resistance?
Type 2
Which type of diabetes most commonly occurs in people who are overweight or obese?
Type 2
The most important mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex is __________
aldosterone
Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?
aldosterone
What do most researchers believe is the most common underlying cause of type 1 diabetes?
an autoimmune response to the pancreatic islets
Male sex hormones, such as testosterone, that are produced in the testes are classified as
androgens
Growth hormone is produced by the
anterior pituitary gland
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is one of seven hormones released from the
anterior pituitary gland.
The hormone prolactin is secreted by the ______ pituitary gland; it promotes ______.
anterior; milk production
Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
antidiuretic hormone oxytocin
When blood volume and blood pressure increases, the heart secretes _____ to stimulate the excretion of sodium and water in urine.
atrial natriuretic hormone
What is the function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone in most vertebrate animals?
causes skin cells to secrete a pigment
Steroid hormones are considered to be lipids, because they are all derived from what specific lipid?
cholesterol
The outer portion of the adrenal gland, which secretes mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, and glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, is called the adrenal ___________
cortex
Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?
cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone targets the adrenal cortex to produce
cortisol or glucocorticoid
If a person drinks a lot of water, the amount of ADH secreted into the bloodstream
decreases.
The disease characterized by a high blood glucose due to a deficiency of insulin production or failure of cells to respond to insulin is _____________ mellitus.
diabetes
hormones that are produced by the adrenal medulla.
epinephrine norepinephrine
Which hormone stimulates red blood cell production?
erythropoietin
the female sex hormones.
estrogen progesterone
The pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose level is
glucagon
The pancreatic hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose is
glucagon
The hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex, like cortisol, which raise the blood glucose level are collectively called ____________
glucocorticoids
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex, and regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism?
glucocorticoids
structures of peptide hormones
glycoproteins modified amino acids proteins
Together, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are
gonadotropic hormones.
The sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
help to stimulate female secondary sex characteristics and maturation of eggs.
The B (beta) cells of the pancreatic islets normally secrete insulin in response to
high blood glucose.
The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by hormones produced by the ___________
hypothalamus
The part of the brain that directly controls secretions from the pituitary gland is the
hypothalamus
Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the Multiple choice question.
hypothalamus.
The hormones ADH and oxytocin are produced by the ______ then stored by the ______ until they are secreted.
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
Peptide hormone- Steroid hormone-
include hormones that are proteins, glycoproteins and modified amino acids include hormones that are derived from cholesterol
The pancreatic hormone that decreases blood glucose level is called
insulin
all correct statements about growth hormone.
it promotes protein synthesis and growth it is also called somatotropic hormone it is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
Because the cells of a diabetic cannot use glucose, they turn to metabolizing fat, which can lead most directly to a condition called
ketoacidosis.
The stimulus that causes the parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone is
low blood calcium
Which of the following hormones are examples of gonadotropic hormones?
luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone
Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoid hormones?
maintain blood volume and salt balance
two major portions of the adrenal glands.
medulla cortex
all mechanisms by which glucocorticoids raise the blood glucose level.
metabolism of fatty acids conversion of amino acids to glucose
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex, and regulate the ion balance of the body?
mineralocorticoids
types of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex.
mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids
types of hormones that are a long-term response to stress
mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids
The best single term to describe the function of atrial natriuretic hormone is
natriuresis.
To maintain homeostasis, ADH functions via a ______ feedback mechanism that responds to blood ______ concentration. Multiple choice question.
negative; salt
The hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that causes contraction of the uterus and milk letdown is
oxytocin
Which hormone induces uterine contractions during child birth?
oxytocin
The abdominal organ that secretes both digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon is called the
pancreas
The four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the __________ glands.
parathyroid
the functions of the thyroid gland.
participate in calcium homeostasis regulate metabolic rate
Which types of hormones are typically considered first messengers?
peptide
A chemical messenger that influences the behavior of other individuals is a(n)
pheromone
The hormone melatonin is produced by the ______ gland.
pineal
ADH and oxytocin are released by the
posterior pituitary gland.
FSH and LH regulate the secretion of which of the following hormones?
progesterone estrogen testosterone
The anterior pituitary hormone that promotes milk production is called _________
prolactin
all direct effects of parathyroid hormone in the body.
promotes activity of osteoclasts activates vitamin D in the kidneys
all correct functions of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol.
promotes metabolism of fatty acids relieves swelling promotes breakdown of muscle proteins
Potent chemical messengers produced within cells from the fatty acid arachidonate are local hormones called ______.
prostaglandins
ways that the hypothalamus controls the activity of the anterior pituitary.
releasing hormones of the hypothalamus inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus
all functions of testosterone.
stimulates male secondary sex characteristics stimulates the growth of the penis and testes prompts the larynx and the vocal cords to enlarge
Gonadotropic hormones directly affect which of the following glands?
testes ovaries
all organs that are considered to be gonads.
testes ovaries
The androgen secreted by human males that is responsible for the development of male reproductive structures and masculine characteristics is ______________
testosterone
When under the influence of the gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH, the testes begin to release increased amounts of __________ at puberty.
testosterone
Hormones secreted by the thymus are collectively called the
thymosins
T cells mature in the __________ gland, located in the chest just beneath the sternum.
thymus
The hormone calcitonin is secreted by the ______ gland.
thyroid
Which endocrine gland regulates the overall metabolic rate of the body, as well as playing a role in calcium homeostasis?
thyroid
characteristics of hormones
travel in the bloodstream affect metabolism of cells with receptors to them can act at a distance between body parts
Which type of diabetes results from lack of insulin production and typically occurs in young individuals with no history of obesity?
type 1
all effects of insulin on the human body.
uptake of glucose by cells increased synthesis of fat
common symptoms or signs of diabetes mellitus
weight loss glucose in the urine hunger high blood sugar fatigue excessive thirst frequent urination
Mineralocorticoids are produced mainly by which region of the adrenal glands?
zona glomerulosa
