Chapter 16 - Eye & Ear

Tympanic Membrane

Vibrates when sound waves hit it.

Otoscope

Visualize ear canal & tympanic membrane.

Retinal Angiogram

Visualizes blood vessels or circulation of retina.

Sclera

White area covering the outside of the eye except over the pupil & iris.

Tympanotomy

Cut into the tympanic membrane.

Macular Degeneration

Disease that progressively destroys the macula, impairing central vision.

Otoscope Exam

Done pulling auricle up & backward...children done downward & backward.

Topical Fluorescein

Dye that highlights inflammation on interior eyeball.

Tympanostomy

Ear tubes inserted to prevent accumulation of fluid in middle ear.

Slit-lamp Exam

Enlarged view of inner structures of the eye w/ microscope.

Ophthalmoscopy

Exam of the back part of the eye (fundus) - Includes the retina, optic disc, choroid, & blood vessels.

Glaucoma

Excessive pressure inside the eye fm fluid.

EOMI

Extra Ocular Movements Intact - cks eyeball muscles. Used to screen for strambiscus.

Strabismus

Eyes that do not line up properly, & each one looks in different direction...aka crossed eyes.

Photophobia

Fear of light.

Lens

Fine tunes the refraction so image is focused onto the retina.

Ear Irrigation

Flushes earwax or foreign matter from the ear.

Purulent

Formation of pus.

Refractive Error

Inability to focus correctly.

Conjunctivitis

Infection or swelling in the eye...aka pink eye.

Hordeolum

Inflamed area or bump on edge of eyelid...aka stye.

Otitis Externa

Inflammation of the external ear canal.

Blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelash follicles (eyelid inflammation.)

Labyrinthitis

Inflammation of the inner ear structure (labyrinth).

Otitis Media

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Retina

Inside layer of the posterior part of the eye that receives light rays...sensory organ for vision.

Choroid Layer

Layer between the sclera & retina containing blood vessels.

Ophthalmoscope

Lighted instrument used to examine the inside of the eye.

Visual Acuity Measurement

Measure of the spatial resolution of the visual processing system (eye chart exam).

Snellen

Measures distant visual acuity.

Tonometry

Measures the pressure inside your eyes (intraocular pressure).

Conjuctiva

Mucus membrane that lines eyeball & lid.

What are common S & S of ear disorders?

Otalgia (ear pain), Deafness, Vertigo (dizziness), & tinnitus (ringing in ears).

Pinna

Outer ear.

Otalgia

Pain in the ear.

What are common S & S of eye disorders?

Pain or burning in or around eye, decreased visual acuity, any visual disorder such as seeing flashes of light, eye redness.

Eustachian Tube

Passageway from middle ear to throat.

Typanostomy

Permanent opening in ear drum...tubes in ears.

Presbycusis

Progressive sensory hearing loss related to aging.

PERRLA

Pupils equal, round, react to light & accommodation. (This is noted in chart when all findings are normal.)

Iris

Regulates how much light is coming into the eyeball...also gives eye its color.

Tinnitus

Ringing in the ears.

Pupil

Round opening in the iris that changes its size as the iris reacts to light & dark, close or far away.

Diplopia

Seeing two images at once...aka double vision.

Cochlea

Sensory organ for sound that interprets the vibrations.

How does the ear help the body maintain equilibrium?

Structures in the vestibule maintain equilibrium during movement of the head.

Myringotomy

Surgical procedure of the eardrum or tympanic membrane.

Audiometry

Tests ability to hear sounds.

Tympanic Membrane is also known as....

The eardrum.

Ossicles

Transmit the vibrations to the cochlea.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Carries hearing & balance impulses to brain.

Pinna (auricle)

Catches the sound waves & directs them into the canal.

Impacted Cerumen

Cerumen (ear wax) produced by external ear.

Cornea

Clear tissue that covers the pupil & iris.

Cataract

Clouding of the lens of the eye.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Complication caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).

Menieres Disease

Condition of 3 chief complaints (tinnitus, vertigo, progressive hearing loss)

Labyrinth

A section within the semi-circular canals that has fluid & is responsible for balance.

Corneal Abrasion

A sensation of a foreign body in the eye.

Vertigo

A whirling or spinning movement sensation related to problems with the inner ear.