Chapter 16 Mastering A&P

Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood?

Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside

Describe the structural classification of hormones. (Module 16.2A)

The structural classification of hormones divides them into amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones (built from amino acids as prohormones), and lipid derivatives (built from fatty acids or cholesterol).

What effects would increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids have on the pituitary secretion of ACTH? (Module 16.7C)

They would inhibit the release of CRH which would reduce the secretion of ACTH.

Steroid hormones

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Hormones

Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except

decrease levels of calcium ions.

What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst?

Increased urination

hypophyseal portal system

All of the answers are correct

Alpha cells are to ________ as beta cells are to ________.

glucagon; insulin

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the ________.

hypothalamus.

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fall is

insulin.

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

Identify the hormone labeled "4."

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Define hormone receptor. (Module 16.4A)

A hormone receptor is a protein located outside or inside the cell that binds with a specific hormone.

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except

OXT.

Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus?

She is 50-years old and out of shape

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually

a G protein.

TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.

both production and release

Growth hormone does all of the following except

cause fat accumulation within adipocytes.

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.

endocrine

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except

steroid hormones