Chapter 16 micro

An example of a secondary acquired immunodeficiency is _______.

AIDS

The serum of a person with blood type A and Rh - will have the ability to make which of the following antibodies?

Anti-B and anti-Rh

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen?

Binding of Ige by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters the body for a second time?

Binding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils

Which of the following is not a possible outcome of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Contact dermatitis

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Hay fever- type IV hypersensitivity

John, a Peace Corps worker in the country of Mali in Africa, was in a car accident while traveling through a rural area. He was treated at a tiny rural hospital, and due to his loss of blood, he required a transfusion. John has B- blood type and has never received a transfusion before. Which statement is correct regarding this scenario?

He can safely receive O-blood even though he makes anti-A antibodies

All of the following are involved in type II hypersensitivity except ______.

IgE

In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE?

IgG

Human blood types involve all of the following except _______.

MHC genes

A person who produces anti-A and anti-B serum antibodies will have blood type _______.

O

Many men make antibodies to sperm, resulting in destruction of sperm to the point of sterility. What would be the likely origin of this autoimmune disease?

Since sperm are not made until after puberty, the immune system cannot scan the antigens on the sperm for immune tolerance. After sperm are made and the immune system sees them, they are recognized as foreign

Predict why insect stings and medication injections more often provoke anaphylactic shock, as compared to other allergens found in food or in air.

The allergens go directly into the blood in large amounts

You have dermatitis triggered by a particular material in your socks. Your feet are covered with a really itchy rash, which has developed blisters over the last day or so. You had first worn them two to three days ago, and you did not launder them after buying them at the store. Finding some antihistamine medication in your bathroom cabinet, you decide to take it to relieve the itching rash. Which statement is true?

The anti-histamine will have no effect on the rash because histamine is not the chemical mediator in this hypersensitivity

In systemic lupus erythematosis (called lupus), complexes of antibody and antigen form, and these immune complexes insert themselves into small blood vessels, joints, heart, and kidney, causing damage to the organ tissue. The course of the disease is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remissions. How is lupus, a type III autoimmune disease, similar to the tuberculin reaction, a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

The mechanism of both lupus and the tuberculin reaction involve large amounts of inflammatory chemicals released into tissue

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to _______.

a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against _______.

acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscles

Contact dermatitis involves _______.

all of the choices are correct

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause _______.

all of the choices are correct

SCID is defined by a lack of functional B and T cells which eliminates protection by humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which of the following is true?

all of the choices describe cases of SCID

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor, _______.

all other Rh + fetuses are at risk

Which of the following is not a possible explanation for the origin of autoimmune diseases?

all the choices are currently being investigated as possible explanations

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is ______.

allergic rhinitis

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered ______.

atopic

Autoimmunity is typically due to _______.

autoantibodies and T cells

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an ______.

autograft

An antihistamine will _______.

bind to histamine receptors on target organs

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG is involved with?

both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated

Which of the following is not a target for immune complex deposition?

brain

DiGeorge syndrome is the result of _______.

congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland

Degranulation of mast cells leads to _______.

constricted bronchioles

Which event represents the process of releasing chemical mediators?

degranulation

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing ______.

desensitization

All of the following can result in acquired immune deficiency except ______.

enzyme deficiency

A person who is Rh - will have anti-Rh antibodies in his/her serum from early infancy.

false

Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma.

false

Eczema is an autoimmune disorder.

false

The leukocyte histamine-release test (LHRT) measures the amount of histamine released from the patient's mast cells and eosinophils when exposed to a specific allergen.

false

The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

false

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when _______.

fetal Rh + cells enter an Rh - mother

All of the following represent potential therapy for patients with SCID except _______.

graft versus host

What may result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes?

graft versus host disease

High levels of tryptase in the blood is indicative of _______.

high levels of degranulating mast cells suggesting an allergic reation

Any heightened immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an _______.

hypersensitivity

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B-cell survival and maturity?

hypogammaglobulinemia

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a/an _______ hypersensitivity.

immediate

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is _______.

immunopathology

Histamine causes all of the following except _______.

increased sensitivity to pain

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen?

inhalant

Corticosteroids will _______.

inhibit the activity of lymphocytes

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen?

injectant

A female who is Rh - _______.

is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity?

it involves production of IgE antibodies

A person with O type blood _______.

lacks A and B antigens

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is ______.

leukotriene

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except _______.

metastatic cancer

Infection with enteroviruses, such as rotavirus and cytomegalovirus, has been implicated in the onset of type I diabetes. This area of research involves the study of ______.

molecular mimicry

In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack _______.

myelin sheath cells of the nervous system

A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the ______ dose.

provocative

Epinephrine _______.

reverses constriction of airways

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the _______ dose.

sensitizing

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in _______.

serum sickness

You were out in the garage going through boxes when you were bitten by an a spider. You tell the doctor that the spider was tiny and black, causing the doctor to think perhaps that it was a black widow spider. The doctor gives you an injection of antibody to the spider venom to give you immediate protection. The antibody is produced in horses by injecting them with small doses of the spider venom, causing the horse's immune system to make large amounts of specific antibody to the antigen. The horse serum is then purified before being given to humans. A week later, you notice a red rash spreading away from the injection spot, where the doctor gave you the anti-venom shot. A few days later, the rash has spread and swelling in also present. You have joint pain as well as sore muscles all over your body. The lymph nodes in the armpit are swollen and painful. Going back to the doctor, he diagnoses you with _______.

serum sickness

Serum sickness and the Arthus reaction are both type III hypersensitivities, but they differ in that _______.

serum sickness is a systemic reaction to an injected therapy, whereas the Arthus reaction remains localized to the injection site

A systemic, sometimes fatal, reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is _______.

systemic anaphylaxis

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast-cell-mediated allergy except ______.

systemic lupus erythematosus

An effective test to determine whether an individual is allergic to a specific substance is to _______.

test for levels of IgE specific for the allergen

Allergies run in families because _______.

the relative production of IgE is inherited

Immunopathology is defined as _______.

the study of immune imbalance, whether hyper- or hypoactivity

A viral infection can lead to the development of type I diabetes.

true

A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

true

AIDS is a secondary immunodeficiency disease that affects several types of immune cells.

true

Autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiencies are studied and treated by immuno pathologists.

true

Before a type II hypersensitivity can proceed, three immune components must be in place: complement, IgG, and IgM.

true

During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

true

Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

true

Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

true

The allergen in poison ivy plants is an oil called urushiol.

true

The most common immunoglobulin deficiency is an IgG deficiency.

true

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except _______.

tuberculin reaction

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category(ies) _______.

type I only

16) The major category(ies) of hypersensitivity(ies)that typically involve(s) a B-cell immunoglobulin response include(s) _______.

type I, type II, and type III