Chapter 16: Nervous System - Senses

Middle ear contains three tiny bones known as the ossicles

1) Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

The __________ , the black hole in the eye, is surrounded by the colorful _____________ .

pupil, iris

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?

Exteroceptors

What are the functions of the ear?

Hearing, equilibrium

Macular degeneration occurs when the ________ degenerates

Macula Lutea

What color is the macula lutea?

Yellow

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ____________ and viscera

body

A ________ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a ________ shaped lens is used to treat myopia

convex and concave

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and _______________

cornea

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called ________ ________

dark adaptation

Tarsal glands are _______

sebaceous glands

When a figure skater does a lengthy spin on ice, it is the sensory receptors in her _________ _________ of the inner ear that are informing her brain about the position of her moving head

semicircular ducts

Which of the following are muscles located in the middle ear?

stapedius and tensor tympani

Gustation is the sense of ________

taste

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among ____________ of different ones

thousands

The cochlea has three fluid filled ducts. What are the names of these ducts?

-cochlear duct -scala tympani -scala vestibuli

Three regions of the ear in order from lateral to medial

1) External ear 2) Middle ear 3) Inner ear

Place the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep

1) Fibrous tunic 2) Vascular tunic 3) Retina

Structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior

1) Iris 2) Ciliary Body 3) Choroid

Order these structures from superficial to deep

1) Sclera 2) Choroid 3) Pigmented layer of retina 4) Neural layer of retina

Place the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep

1) choroid 2) photoreceptors 3) horizontal cells 4) bipolar cells

Order these structures in the order that tears travel through them

1) lacrimal puncta 2) lacrimal canaliculus 3) lacrimal sac 4) nasolacrimal duct

Place the structure of CN II in order from anterior to posterior

1) optic nerve 2) optic chiasm 3) optic tract

What chamber is between the iris and cornea?

Anterior chamber

What are the correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Auditory tube, Pharyngotympanic tube, Eustachian Tube

What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?

Cataracts

Nociceptors

First order sensory neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli

Types of papillae?

Foliate, Filiform, Fungiform, and Vallate

Where are proprioceptors found?

Joints, muscles, and tendons

Where are tears created?

Lacrimal Apparatus

We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger

Olfaction

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind-spot"

Optic disc

A detached retina is caused by a separation between which two layers?

Outer pigmented layer of the retina and the inner neural layer of the retina

What is the space behind the lens called?

Posterior cavity

What are parts of the fibrous tunic?

Sclera and Cornea

Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window?

Stapes

The _______ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens

Suspensory

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous?

Vallate

Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and ___________ cells.

basal

Gustatory cells are ___________

chemoreceptors located within taste buds on the tongue and soft palate

Otitis media is more common in ________

children

The lens is ________ when we are viewing faraway objects

flattened

In a taste bud, the basal cells replace the __________ cells

gustatory

Which of the following are functions of the inner ear?

hearing and equilibrium (balance)

When the photoreceptors stop ________ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells

inhibiting

Optic tracts extend to which of the following when they leave the optic chiasm?

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, and the superior colliculi

The eyelids are joined at the medial and lateral ________ commisures or ________

palpebral, canthi

If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose sensitivity over time.

phasic

From the optic chiasm, the optic tracts extend to the ________ ________ to coordinate reflexive movements

superior colliculus

What type of phasic receptors detect light touch, shapes, and textures?

tactile corpuscles

Tactile cells are associated with ________ ________

tactile discs

Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory _____ to the brain ?

tract

Transducers:

transform energy from one form to another form

Which of the following structures are a part of the vestibular complex?

utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts

The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the _________ membrane

vestibular

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

Choroid

What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?

Interoceptors

Which of the following are true of rods?

- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light

Which events occur during bright light adaption?

- cones gradually adjust - rods become inactive - pupils constrict

Which are true of the conjunctiva?

- it is vascular - it does not cover the cornea - it contains goblet cells

Which of the following are cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

- olfactory cells - basal cells - supporting cells

What type of receptor detects pressure changes?

Baroreceptor (a subtype of mechanoreceptors)

What substance produced in the external ear impedes microorganism growth?

Cerumen

What is the name of the "snail-shaped" structure?

Cochlea

Compared to many other animals, our olfactory ability is vastly more sensitive and more highly developed.

False

Auditory ossicles from lateral to medial

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

What is the fat surrounding the eye called?

Orbital fat

________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles and tendons

Proprioceptors

Which of the following structures contains exteroceptors?

Skin and oral cavity (mucous membranes)

What are basic taste sensations?

Sweet, Sour, Umami

What is true of the olfactory hairs?

They are immobile and they are unmyelinated

What stimulates somatic nociceptors ?

Touching a hot pan, exposure to acid on the skin, sprained ankle

The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat out of the eyes

True

Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus

True

The conjunctiva is _______________.

Vascular

Stretch receptors in the stomach would be classified as what type of receptors?

Visceral sensory receptors

A vitreous body is also called the ____________

Vitreous humor

The junction of the palpebral and ocular conjunctiva is called the ___________

conjunctival fornix

When light hits the eye, the pupil _______ in bright light, or _______ in dim light.

constricts, dilates

Free nerve endings are terminal branches of ________

dendrites

Which structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

lens

The lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial prevention because it contains the antibacterial enzyme called _______________

lysozyme

What is the margin between the photosensitve and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called?

ora serrata

The are that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ________

receptive field

chemoreceptors

receptors that detect chemicals

Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ________ hair plexus

root

The lens is _______ when we are viewing close up objects

round

Sensory receptors in which of the following structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

saccule, utricle, and semicircular ducts

Which terms indicates a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?

Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and nociceptors

Through which cranial nerves does gustatory information travel?

- CN VII - CN IX

The sclera:

provides for eye shape, and is made of dense connective tissue

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the ______ most commonly called the __________

tympanic membrane, eardrum

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)

Where are mechanoreceptors found?

Skin, ear. (and other tissues)

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects and drains ________________ fluid

lacrimal

Tactile receptors are a type of ____________

mechanoreceptors

Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cell called ________ cell

neuroepithelial

As tears drain, through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal _________

puncta

In the eye, the ________ humor is gelatinous

vitreous