Chapter 16 Therapeutic Relationships
What is active listening?
A manner of communication in which the receiver paraphrases the speakers words to ensure that he or she understands the intended meaning
What is clarification?
Clients thoughts and feelings are summarized or simplified
What can group activities include?
Cooking Arts and crafts Leisure participation Reality orientation
What are the universal stages of lose?
Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
What are skills for effective therapeutic relationships?
Developing: Trust Empathy Verbal and nonverbal communication Active listening
Who designed the universal stages of loss?
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
What are techniques to develop trust?
Follow through with plans Be on time to appointments with clients Be honest with clients Do not over promise things you cannot deliver Be cautious when disclosing personal information Discuss clients progress and intervention plans in private Always involve the clients in decisions Be direct upon decision Use clear language so the client understands Remember to put the client first
What is self awareness?
Knowing one's own true nature, it is the ability to recognize one's own behavior, emotional response, and effect on others
What is verbal communication?
Most common form, speaking to others Speak to clients in plain language
Who developed the intentional relationship model?
Taylor
What are the two types of communication?
Vebal and nonverbal
What is ideal self?
What an individual would like to be if free of the demands of mundane reality Unrealistic and includes all intention, feeling, and desire
What are the type of small task groups used in occupational therapy?
Therapeutic groups Peer support groups Focus groups Consultation and supervision groups
What are consultation and supervision groups
Use of group format for peer support, consultation, and supervision of OTAs, aides, and caregivers Seen as an increasing need as large occupational therapy departments diminish and more practitioners work independently in private and community base practice
What is the international relationship model?
describes therapeutic use of self and the development modes of interacting with clients for their benefit
What is the therapeutic relationship key of?
for facilitating the healing and rehabilitation process
What is the goal of occupational relationship?
for the client to benefit
What are the steps of taking charge of group?
1. Plan and practice or rehearse the activity to know what is needed 2. Anticipate, think how people might interpret the instructions 3. Carry a written list of all the points to remember 4. Stand to address the group 5. Get everyone attention before talking 6. Regulate voice appropriately 7. Tell in sequence. Keep words to minim, and demonstrate "first", "next" 8. Tell the group what to do when the task is complete 9. Indicate the end of instructions and the beginning of the activity
What is empathy?
Ability to place oneself in another persons position and understand the others experience. Sensitive to the thought, feelings, and experience of the clients with ought long objective
What are the six primary interpersonal models used in therapeutic relationships?
Advocating Collaborating Empathizing Encouraging Instructing Problem solving
What is therapeutic relationships?
An interaction between and occupational therapist and client
What is perceived self?
Aspect of self that others see without the benefit of knowing a person intentions, motivations, and limitation Not true self
What is trust?
Between a silent and practitioner develop honest and open relationship evolve Practitioner relays information while honestly addressing clients issues
What is real self?
Blending of internal and external worlds involving intention and action plus environmental awareness Includes feelings, strengths, and limitations of the person, as well as the reality in which the person exists
What is non verbal communication?
Include facial expression, eye contact, tone of voice, touch, and body language
What are group dynamics?
Interacting forces within a small human group, the sociological study of these forces
What is therapeutic use of self?
Involves awareness of oneself, including such things as how one communicates, present, and relates with others
What are focus groups?
Objective of these small groups is to find out about the attitudes and opinions of the members, gaining popularity in occupational therapy as a means of investigating a theme to generate research hypotheses or organizing a discussion around a specific topic
What are techniques to develop nonverbal communications?
Observe an intervention session and identify nonverbal communication used Observe how others use nonverbal communication in a variety of settings Eye contact Body language Touch Facial expression Communication with peer without talking Practice expressing your emotions without talking Observe how you use nonverbal communication by having someone videotape you interviewing another person Reflect on strategies that you used and identify strategies you would like to try to another time
What are techniques to develop communication skills?
Practice interacting with a variety of people in a variety of circumstances Reflect upon your communication skills Seek and listen to feedback from others Review videotaped sessions to observe strength and weakness Practice using different techniques Identify communication skils in others that you may use Become familiar with your own style of communicating
What are techniques to improve active listening?
Practice using restatement, reflection, and clarification Role-play a variety of interviews Interview others and ask for feedback. Try to summarize what they told you Receive feedback from peers Record conversation to hear how you listened Identify strengths and weaknesses Develop techniques to improve listening skills by setting goals Observe others and identify active listening techniques they used
What are therapeutic groups?
Primary aim of group is individual change OT uses task that are designed to restore or develop functioning in Occupational performance areas and client factors Other purposes may include prevention and support of existing strengths Group size 6 to 10
What are peer support groups?
Primary purpose of group is support for individuals who have diagnosis, medically related problem, or disability in common, group may also involve the partners, families, and caregivers of the individuals OT varies from ac five involvement as leaders to consultative role as facilitator Group size can be large or small, depending upon the format
What to focus on when leading a group?
Prior to leading the group, practitioner determines the individuals goals of the members Determine the group goal and decide how to meed individual needs within a group task Organize the activity by analyzing the steps involved Prepare activity Lead the member in activity Be aware of how the group members are working together and the individuals goals
What and techniques to develop empathy?
Read stories about others who have undergone significant life events Participate in activities of there cultures Interview others and try to understand their life views Watch movies depicting stories of people who may have experiences trauma, disease, disability, trauma, or health conditions, and discuss the characters stories Reflect upon the stories of clients and peers Reflect in writing how you felt after viewing a movie or reading a story about a person with a disability, trauma, or condition
What are the three processes of active listening?
Restatement Reflection Clarification
What are the basic therapeutic use of self principles?
Self awareness Ideal self Perceived self Real self
What are task groups?
can be categorized as therapeutic, peer support, focus, and consultation and supervision
What do occupational therapy practitioners address?
physical and emotional needs of clients
What is reflection?
response wherein the purpose is to express in words the feeling and attitudes sensed behind the words of the sender
What is restatement?
the receiver of the message