Chapter 17- Endocrine
neuroendocrine reflexes
The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of __________.
stimulation of mRNA transcription
The mode of action of steroid hormones involves __________.
hormone response elements in DNA
The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to __________.
Graves disease
Thyroid hypertrophy and hypersecretion
Aldosterone
Which adrenal cortical hormone helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume?
Antidiuretic hormone
Which pituitary hormone reduces urine volume and increases blood volume?
1, 2, 3
Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur during glucocorticoid hormone action. 1. Binding of hormone to receptor 2. Release of HSP90 proteins 3. Entry of hormone into the nucleus
Hyperparathyroidism
Excess PTH secretion
Cushing Syndrome
Excess cortisol secretion
Pheochromocytoma
Excess epinephrine secretion
steroid; endocrine
Glucocorticoids are __________ hormones secreted by __________ glands.
Addison disease
Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
Myxedema
Prolonged adult hypothyroidism
receptors
Similar to neurotransmitters, hormones exert their action only on cells that have specific __________ that the hormones bind to.
protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Steroid hormones bind to ____________ of the target cell.
PRL
Stimulates milk synthesis
LH
Stimulates ovulation
TRH
Stimulates production of TSH and PRL
ACTH
Stimulates secretion of anti-stress hormones
ADH
Stimulates water retention
negative feedback inhibition
Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this is in the form of __________.
D. All of the choices are correct
The endocrine system is comprised of __________ that secrete hormones. A. Glands B. Cells C. Tissues D. All of the choices are correct
metabolic clearance rate; half-life
The rate of hormone removal is called the __________, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the __________.
It increases it.
What effect does thyroid hormone have on the body's metabolic rate?
a condition called ketoacidosis, causing deep, gasping breathing
When cells cannot absorb glucose, they must get their energy someplace else, and in turn they metabolize fat and protein. In time, this leads to __________.
Pineal gland
Which gland is thought to play a role in establishing 24-hour circadian rhythms?
Exocrine
Which glands secrete their product by way of a duct directly onto an epithelial surface?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Which hormone stimulates sperm production?
Each receptor binds to only one hormone.
Which of the following defines hormone specificity?
Maturation of ovarian follicles
Which of the following is not a process that is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones?
Beta cells
Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?
ACTH
Named for stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland
FSH
Named for the effect on gamete production
T3
Named for the number of iodine molecules in the hormone
D. All of the choices are correct.
Inadequate hormone release is called hyposecretion. It can result from __________. A. tumors or lesions that destroy an endocrine gland B. tumors or lesions that interfere with its ability to receive signals from another gland C. inadequate stimulation of the gland D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.
liver; kidney
Most hormones are taken up and degraded by the __________ and __________.
ADH
Name means "against urine"
PTH
Name means "near the thyroid"
PRL
Name means "promoting milk production"
GnRH
Named for causing the release
CRH
Named for causing the release of ACTH
TSH
Named for directly affecting the thyroid
LH
Named for producing the conversion of the follicle into a corpus luteum
