Chapter 17- Endocrine

neuroendocrine reflexes

The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of __________.

stimulation of mRNA transcription

The mode of action of steroid hormones involves __________.

hormone response elements in DNA

The steroid hormone-receptor complex binds to __________.

Graves disease

Thyroid hypertrophy and hypersecretion

Aldosterone

Which adrenal cortical hormone helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which pituitary hormone reduces urine volume and increases blood volume?

1, 2, 3

Arrange the following in the proper order in which they occur during glucocorticoid hormone action. 1. Binding of hormone to receptor 2. Release of HSP90 proteins 3. Entry of hormone into the nucleus

Hyperparathyroidism

Excess PTH secretion

Cushing Syndrome

Excess cortisol secretion

Pheochromocytoma

Excess epinephrine secretion

steroid; endocrine

Glucocorticoids are __________ hormones secreted by __________ glands.

Addison disease

Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Myxedema

Prolonged adult hypothyroidism

receptors

Similar to neurotransmitters, hormones exert their action only on cells that have specific __________ that the hormones bind to.

protein receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus

Steroid hormones bind to ____________ of the target cell.

PRL

Stimulates milk synthesis

LH

Stimulates ovulation

TRH

Stimulates production of TSH and PRL

ACTH

Stimulates secretion of anti-stress hormones

ADH

Stimulates water retention

negative feedback inhibition

Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this is in the form of __________.

D. All of the choices are correct

The endocrine system is comprised of __________ that secrete hormones. A. Glands B. Cells C. Tissues D. All of the choices are correct

metabolic clearance rate; half-life

The rate of hormone removal is called the __________, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the __________.

It increases it.

What effect does thyroid hormone have on the body's metabolic rate?

a condition called ketoacidosis, causing deep, gasping breathing

When cells cannot absorb glucose, they must get their energy someplace else, and in turn they metabolize fat and protein. In time, this leads to __________.

Pineal gland

Which gland is thought to play a role in establishing 24-hour circadian rhythms?

Exocrine

Which glands secrete their product by way of a duct directly onto an epithelial surface?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Which hormone stimulates sperm production?

Each receptor binds to only one hormone.

Which of the following defines hormone specificity?

Maturation of ovarian follicles

Which of the following is not a process that is stimulated by glucocorticoid hormones?

Beta cells

Which pancreatic cells secrete insulin?

ACTH

Named for stimulating the cortex of the adrenal gland

FSH

Named for the effect on gamete production

T3

Named for the number of iodine molecules in the hormone

D. All of the choices are correct.

Inadequate hormone release is called hyposecretion. It can result from __________. A. tumors or lesions that destroy an endocrine gland B. tumors or lesions that interfere with its ability to receive signals from another gland C. inadequate stimulation of the gland D. All of the choices are correct. E. None of the choices is correct.

liver; kidney

Most hormones are taken up and degraded by the __________ and __________.

ADH

Name means "against urine"

PTH

Name means "near the thyroid"

PRL

Name means "promoting milk production"

GnRH

Named for causing the release

CRH

Named for causing the release of ACTH

TSH

Named for directly affecting the thyroid

LH

Named for producing the conversion of the follicle into a corpus luteum