Chapter 17 Eye and Ear Diseases/ Disorders

Diplopia

double vision

Cerumen

ear wax

Otitis media

earache or inflammation of the middle ear

Myringotomy

incision into the tympanic membrane

Blepharitis

inflammation of the edges of the eyelids

Uveitits

inflammation of the uvea tract

Conjunctiva

inner mucous membrane surface of the eyelids

Tonometer

instrument for measuring the pressure in the eye

Photophobia

intense, unusual intolerance of light

Inflammation of the cornea that usually occurs unilaterally is: blepharitis keratitis uveitis conjunctivitis

keratitis

Tinnitus

noise or ringing in the ears

Cataract

opacity of the crystalline lens

Otosclerosis

spongy bone in labyrinth's capsule

Name the 4 refractive errors of the eyes and give a brief description of each.

1. Hyperopia- Farsightedness 2. Presbyopia- A form of farsighted ness that causes the eye to lose the ability to focus. 3. Myopia- Nearsightedness 4. Astigmatism- When light entering the eye is focused unevenly or diffused across the retina so that some of the visual field appears properly focused while some does not.

Name the 3 parts of the ear and describe each one.

1. The external is the outer, funnel-like structure called the auricle or pinna, and the external auditory meatus is called the external auditory canal. Where hearing begins. 2. the middle ear consists of the tympanic cavity, the tympanic membrane and three small bones called the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes). 3. The inner ear- embedded in the temporal bone, consists of three semicircular canals and a cochlea.

Name the 3 layers of the eye and describe each one.

1. The outer layer consists of the sclera (an opaque, white portion of the eye) and the cornea (an anterior window of the eye. The cornea blends the light rays as they pass through its convex curvature. 2. The middle layer consists of the choroid coat- contains the blood vessels of the eye and melanin. The ciliary body- contains the ciliary muscles, which contract and relax to change the shape of the lens of the eye and form a ring around it. The iris- the colored portion of the eye, and it controls the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil (the opening in the center of the iris). 3. The inner layer of the eye contains the Retina, which lines the interior of the eye. It contains the rods (for light detection) and cones (for color detecting) and neurons.

Identify the common treatments for otitis media.

1. myringotomy 2. tympanoplasty 3. tympanostomy

When a client has an eye infection, what are some of the preventive measures a health-care professional can suggest?

1. wash hands use clean towels 2. do not share makeup 3. prompt treatment of any eye conditions 3. keep your hands away from eyes

Describe a stye or hordeolum.

A localized, purulent, inflammatory infection of one or more of the sebaceous glands of the eyelid. Commonly occurring on the skin surface at the edge of the lid or on the surface of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane structure that lines the inner surface of the eyelids.

What treatments are used to treat otitis media? Antiemetics only Decongestants, antibiotics, and analgesics Analgesics only Antihistamines and analgesics only

Antiemetics only

Debbie has been riding in the backseat of the car for hours while traveling with her family on vacation when she claims she isn't feeling well. Her mom insists she take which of the following medications to treat her motion sickness? Antihistamines Opioids Steroids Anti-inflammatories

Antihistamines

In macular degeneration, what are client communications for the health-care professional?

As the loss of sight continues, suggest magnifiers and special devices to read fine print such as in newspapers. Audiobooks can be especially beneficial to an avid reader. Encourage clients to join a macular degeneration support system to learn how others cope. Help may be needed from family members in the preparation and administration of daily medication and meals. Be aware of safety measures for the blind.

What is the name of the most common bacteria or fungus that causes swimmer's ear?

Bacteria is staph aureus or pseudomonas

For which eye disease is an intraocular lens likely to be implanted or fitted?

Cataract

When opacity or clouding of the crystalline lens of the eye occurs, what is it called? Hordeolum Glaucoma Cataract Conjunctivitis

Cataract

Mr. Bean is a 50 y/o computer engineer who spends much of his time each day in front of the computer screen. He recently went to the ophthalmologist for his annual exam complaining of frequent headaches with occasional blurred vision. Mr. Bean was diagnosed with refractive errors. What treatment might the doctor recommend? Warm compresses alternating with cold compresses Contact lenses, Lasik surgery, or corrective lenses Antibiotic eyedrops for at least 3 weeks Irrigating the eye with fluid

Contact lenses, Lasik surgery, or corrective lenses

Which disease may affect eyesight? Sinusitis Meniere disease Otosclerosis Diabetes

Diabetes

Explain the difference between esotropia and exotropia.

Esotropia- the eye may turn inward- convergent strabismus, or cross-eye. Exotropia- the eye may turn outward- divergent strabismus, or walleye.

You use the term swimmer's ear with your client; what term do you put in the medical chart?

External otitis

Andrew was poked in the eye by his grandson. The diagnosis of a corneal abrasion was determined by visual examination and which other test? Tonometer measurement Rinne test Fluorescein stain Culture and sensitivity

Fluorescein stain

How is deafness best described?

Generally caused by injury to the ear

A tonometer, ophthalmoscopic insepection, and periodic vision-field testing will be ordered in which of the following eye diseases?

Glaucoma

Accumulating fluid pressure within the eye that damages the retina and optic nerve is known as what condition? Cataract Glaucoma Uveitis Keratitis

Glaucoma

Drusen

Growths or spots on the retina

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cataract? A hole in the retina Intense pain Double vision Halos around lights

Halos around lights

What is another name for a stye?

Hordeolum

What is best described as localized, purulent, inflammatory infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid? Hordeolum Cataract Glaucoma Retinal detachment

Hordeolum

What are the most common surgical methods to remove cataracts?

Intracapsular and Extracapsular extraction and Phacoemulsification

Which of the following best describes external otitis? It is inflammation of the external ear canal It is an accumulation of fluid within the structure of the middle ear It may be accompanied by tinnitus It is a metabolic imbalance that causes new bone to grow over the end of the stapes.

It is inflammation of the external ear canal

Which of the following statements best describes impacted cerumen? It causes permanent hearing loss It may be due to a large ear canal It may be due to excessive hair in the ear canal It is caused by frequent swimming.

It may be due to excessive hair in the ear canal

What can cause nystagmus? Chronic hearing impairment Long-term antibiotic use Alteration in mental status Meniere disease and head injuries

Meniere disease and head injuries

Which of the following may cause hearing loss? Sinusitis Motion sickness Meningitis Flu

Meningitis

Describe a trabeculectomy.

Microsurgery for glaucoma, a new channel is created to drain the fluid, thereby reducing the intraocular pressure that causes glaucoma.

Which of the following eye disorders is called nearsightedness? Hyperopia Presbyopia Myopia Astigmatism

Myopia

What is the common name for myopia? Deafness Blindness Farsightedness Nearsightedness

Nearsightedness

What is formation of new bone, especially around the oval window, with resulting immobilization of the stapes called? Meniere disease External otitis Otosclerosis Swimmer's ear

Otosclerosis

Which of the following is an instrument used to examine the ear canal? Ophthalmoscope Auriscope Otoscope Stethoscope

Otoscope

What are some of the signs and symptoms of corneal abrasion? Pain, redness, and tearing Blurring, white pupil, and pain Tearing, blurred vision, and tinnitus Tearing, swelling, and seeing halos

Pain, redness, and tearing

What is it called when the elasticity in the crystalline lens of the eye is lost? Hyperopia Presbyopia Myopia Astigmatism

Presbyopia

Amanda is a teenager being seen for a sports physical. During a portion of her visit, Amanda is asked to stand on a line a distance away, instructed to cover each eye one at a time, and read letters aloud. Which screening tool is being used? Snellen chart Ishihara test Tonometer Ophthalmoscopes

Snellen chart

What is the name of the surgery indicated for otosclerosis?

Stapedectomy

What is the common name for external otitis? Pink eye Swimmer's ear Nosebleed Motion sickness

Swimmer's ear

What connects the middle ear to the throat?

The auditory or eustachian tube

What are the 3 small bones in the middle ear?

The ossicles ( malleus, incus, and stapes)

What is the name of the diagnostic tool used to detect intraocular pressure? Snellen chart Optic kinetic drum test Tonometer Penlight

Tonometer

Retinal detachment is best described by which of the following? The optic nerve separates from the sclera It is spontaneous in persons who are nearsighted. Vitreous humour leaks through a break in the retina. It is spontaneous in persons who are farsighted.

Vitreous humour leaks through a break in the retina.

What is one important teaching tip for a client with a hearing loss or deafness?

When talkin to someone with a hearing loss, face the person and get his or her attention before speaking. When someone is wearing a hearing aid, there usually is no need to speak louder, but speaking more clearly and slowly is helpful. Many hard-of-hearing people lip-read. If asked to repeat a hearing aid makes the sounds louder but does not improve a person's ability to discriminate words or understand speech.

Meniere disease

causes severe vertigo

Suppurative

pus-filled fluid

Tympanoplasty

surgical repair of the middle ear

External otitis

swimmers ear

Serous

this watery fluid

Macula

yellow disk on the retina directly behind the lens