Chapter 17

29. On the graph of domestic water use per person, each letter represents a country. Which of the following is most likely? A. A is the United States; B is China B. B is the United States; A is China C. A is the United States; B is Canada D. B is India; A is China E. A is India; B is China

A. A is the United States; B is China

27. In general, water use worldwide is dominated by A. Agricultural use B. Domestic needs C. Industrial activities D. Use as drinking water E. All of these are sectors that use water about equally

A. Agricultural use

10. Air moving in the direction indicated in the diagram will become dryer as it moves from A. B to D B. A to B C. C to A D. D to A E. None of these is correct

A. B to D

9. Air moving in the direction indicated in the diagram will become warmer as it moves from A. B to D B. A to B C. C to A D. D to A E. None of these is correct

A. B to D

30. In the twentieth century, half of the new dams that were built are in A. China B. Pakistan C. Russia D. The United States E. Canada

A. China

36. A method of increasing water supplies that has been successful, but expensive is A. Desalination B. Cloud seeding C. Towing icebergs by ship from polar regions D. Altering the climate's convection currents E. None of these is correct.

A. Desalination

2. What two things does the hydrologic cycle do? A. Distributes and purifies water B. Distributes and warms water C. Distributes and contaminates water D. Distributes and increases the salinity of water

A. Distributes and purifies water

7. The rainiest or snowiest zone on the mountain in the diagram would be in the area marked A. From A to B B. From B to C C. From C to D D. At A and at D E. At C and at D

A. From A to B

13. Water enters groundwater by A. Infiltration B. Entering the runoff stream C. Transpiration D. Interception E. Sublimation

A. Infiltration

4. Transpiration is the way plants A. Return large amounts of water to the atmosphere B. Absorb water from the atmosphere C. Absorb water from the ground D. Return large amounts of water from the atmosphere to the ground E. Respire using water

A. Return large amounts of water to the atmosphere

18. A country's renewable water supplies are generally made up of A. Surface runoff and infiltration into accessible aquifers B. Seasonal flooding and infiltration into accessible aquifers C. Seasonal flooding D. Rivers running through the country E. Water used from an aquifer

A. Surface runoff and infiltration into accessible aquifers

17. The largest river in the world is the A. Orinoco B. Amazon C. Mississippi D. Nile E. Congo

B. Amazon

35. Subsidence and sinkholes A. Can, with difficulty, be reversed and the ground surface raised again B. Are probably a permanent loss of an aquifer C. Are a consequence of saltwater intrusion D. Leave gaps in the bedrock that then fill up with salt water E. Increase the total area of recharge zones

B. Are probably a permanent loss of an aquifer

5. Evaporation is A. The way plants absorb water B. Liquid water turning to vapor well below boiling temperature C. Liquid water boiling to produce water vapor D. The way water seeps into the ground E. The process of water becoming a liquid at a lower temperature

B. Liquid water turning to vapor well below boiling temperature

3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the hydrologic cycle? A. Evaporation B. Photosynthesis C. Condensation D. Precipitation

B. Photosynthesis

26. Withdrawal is the total amount of water A. Lost in transmission, due to evaporation or leakage B. Taken from rivers, lakes, or aquifers C. Used in manufacturing or agriculture D. Altered or polluted in human activities E. Lost due to chemical transformation because of human use

B. Taken from rivers, lakes, or aquifers

21. The atmosphere has the greatest ________ of the earth's hydrologic compartments. A. Water volume B. Turnover rate and smallest water volume C. Discharge rate and water content D. Residence time for water E. All of these choices are correct

B. Turnover rate and smallest water volume

12. The residence time of one molecule of water in the ocean is _______. A. 300 years B. 30 years C. 3,000 years D. 3 years

C. 3,000 years

14. The zone of saturation is the portion of groundwater where A. Water vapor turns to liquid B. An aquifer is the deepest C. All soil or rock pore spaces are filled with water D. All soil or rock pore spaces are filled with air E. The water table ends

C. All soil or rock pore spaces are filled with water

28. The activity that uses the greatest share of U.S. household water is A. Bathing B. Drinking and cooking C. Flushing the toilet D. Washing clothes and dishes E. Watering lawns

C. Flushing the toilet

8. The rainshadow on the mountain in the diagram would be in the area marked A. From A to B B. From B to C C. From C to D D. At A and at D E. At A and at B

C. From C to D

24. Technically speaking, when water is consumed, it A. Has been used B. Is no longer suitable for any other purpose C. Is no longer available for other purposes D. Is lost to evaporation or leakage E. Is available for other uses

C. Is no longer available for other purposes

15. The place where aquifers are most likely to be contaminated is at A. Artesian springs B. Seeps and other outlets C. Recharge zones D. All discharge and recharge areas E. The zone of aeration

C. Recharge zones

6. Natural evaporation processes are mainly driven by A. Living plants B. Radiative heat from the ground C. Solar energy D. The natural instability of liquid water E. Radiative heat from the Earth's core

C. Solar energy

32. The Ogallala Aquifer supplies water to ___________ and once held more water than all of the surface water __________. A. California's Central Valley; in the world B. The Rocky Mountain states; in the United States C. The Great Plains states; in the world D. Most of New England; in the United States E. Arizona and Las Vegas; in the United States

C. The Great Plains states; in the world

1. Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining how much or how little precipitation a region receives? A. Topography B. Global atmospheric circulation patterns C. Vegetation D. Proximity to water E. All of these are important factors

C. Vegetation

34. The Klamath River agreement A. is an agreement to remove dams to save migrating salmon populations. B. provides for the increase in value of water rights for fish and aquatic organisms. C. is a less-used strategy to help regulate water diversion for local farmers. D. provides a water diversion project for the city of Los Angeles. E. forces conservation measures on domestic use of water by local residents.

C. is a less-used strategy to help regulate water diversion for local farmers.

23. Cause and effects of water stress may include A. Per capita renewable water supply is low B. Renewable water supplies are inadequate to satisfy essential human or ecosystem needs C. Competition increases among increasing demands for water D. All of the above are potential causes or effects of water stress

D. All of the above are potential causes or effects of water stress

11. The hydrologic compartment that contains the greatest amount of fresh water is A. Groundwater B. The Great Lakes C. Living organisms and biomass D. Ice and snow E. Clouds in the atmosphere

D. Ice and snow

16. The amount of water in aquifers in the United States is A. Nearly as great as the amount of surface water in the United States B. Higher than all the Great Lakes together C. Only a small portion of surface water in the United States D. Over thirty times greater than all surface water in the United States E. About the same amount as all surface water in the United States

D. Over thirty times greater than all surface water in the United States

33. Withdrawal of groundwater often causes subsidence, a situation where A. Aquifer volume decreases sharply B. Withdrawals exceed recharge rates C. Water quality and water tables fall D. Porous rocks settle and ground level falls E. Wells dry up

D. Porous rocks settle and ground level falls

22. Water scarcity occurs when A. Renewable water supplies are slow to recover. B. Populations are evenly dispersed. C. Renewable water supplies are slow to diminish. D. The demand for water exceeds the available amount or when poor quality restricts its use.

D. The demand for water exceeds the available amount or when poor quality restricts its use.

31. One of the major reasons for the removal of dams in the United States is A. Buildup of silt behind the dams B. Danger of earthquakes beneath the reservoir C. To satisfy conservation groups D. To restore fish populations E. To make the region look more natural

D. To restore fish populations

20. Desalinization could be a method used by which country? A. The United States B. The Congo C. Bahrain D. Mexico E. Desalination could be used by any country on the ocean.

E. Desalination could be used by any country on the ocean.

19. Which of the following factors is the MOST important factor in determining whether a country is "water rich" or "water poor"? A. Population density B. Country size C. Humid climate D. Rivers running through the country E. Renewable water supplies

E. Renewable water supplies

25. Human water withdrawals have been increasing at about ___________ rate as worldwide population growth. A. the same B. half the C. one-third the D. three times the E. twice the

E. twice the

38. Many experts think that in the future, water conflicts will be a major cause of international conflict. Currently, however, there are no international conflicts over water.

false

40. Charging a higher proportion of real costs rather than subsidies has led to water conservation.

false

37. Human activity such as deforestation can affect rainfall.

true

39. Principal problems that have resulted from the construction of large dams include the relocation of people.

true