Chapter 17 Osteology of the skull

Squamous suture

connects the parietal and temporal bones

Sagittal suture

connects the parietal bones

tympanic

encloses the essential hearing organs

zygomatic process

extends out to form the zygomatic arch

3 foramina can be seen on the sphenoid bone from the internal aspect. Name them:

foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

Ethmoid bone location & purpose:

forms a part of the nasal cavity, nasal septum and orbit.Located anteriorly at the base of the cranium and is made up of a perpendicular or cribiform plate. (part of the neurocranium and or viscerocranium)

Frontal bone

forms the forehead and anterior aspect of the skull.

From internal view, the occipital bone is divided into ____ ____ which house lobes of the brain.

four fossae

An important nerve in dentistry, that passses through the hypoglossal canal is?

hypoglassal nerve

carotid canal location & purpose:

in front of the jugular foramen; opening for the internal carotid artery

suture

is a jagged line where bones join

canal

is a long opening through bone

cribiform plate

is perforated to allow olfactory nerves to pass between the brain and nose.

inferior orbital fissue

is the entrance to the orbit for the infraorbital nerve

optic foramen

is the opening for the optic nerve and opththalmic artery

Coronal suture

joins the frontal and parietal bones

Lambdoidal suture

joins the occipital and parietal bones

jugular foramen location:

just lateral to the occipital condyles and between the petrous portion of the temporal bone

foramen magnum

large opening through wich the spinal cord passes.

glabella

the flattened area between the eyebrows

squamous

the flattened, fan-shaped portion of the temporal bone

pterygoid process decends from

the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

mandibular (glenoid) fossa

the mandible articulates with this one

foramen ovale

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) passes.

Viscerocranium

the part of the facial skeleton that gives us our appearance

Neurocranium

the portion of the cranium that houses and protects the brain.

frontal eminence

the prominent are of the forehead

The temporal bones consist of 3 parts:

the squamous, the petrous, and the tympanic

supraorbital forament

the superior margin of the orbit (eye) through which the supraorbital nerve and arterry pass.

foramen rotundum

transmits the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2).

foramen spinosum

transmits the middle meningeal artery to the brain.

The temporal bones have several portions:

zygomatic process, mandibular (glenoid) fossa, articular eminence or tubercle

Neurocranium bones

Single Bones: Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Frontal Paired Bones: Parietal, Temporal

Which bones have two curving lines, the superior and inferior temporal lines, that serve as the attachment for the temporalis muscle (for mastication)?

parietal bones

A depression seen on the surface of the sphenoid bone (sella turcica) houses the

pituitary gland

The occipital bone forms the ___ aspect of the skull.

posterior

mastoid process location & purpose:

posterior to the acoustic meatus, a rounded prominence , hollowed out by air cells that communicate with the middle ear.

Bones of the orbit

sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, frontal, zygomatic, and maxilia.

Four sutures that outline or delineate the frontal bone are:

1. Coronal suture 2. Sagittal suture 3. Lambdoidal suture 4. Squamous suture

How many bones make up the skull?

22

articular eminence or tubercle

a "V" shaped projection located in front of the glenoid fossa

Each pterygoid process is made up of:

a flattened, lateral plate (outside) a thinner, medial plate (inside) a pterygoid (scaphoid) fossa - depression between the medial and lateral plates ptwrygoid hamulus - a pointed process that curves outward from the lower (free) end of the medial plate.

Suture

a joining of two bones

Canal

a large opening though a bone

styloidmastoid foramen location & purpose:

a large opening through which the internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal (IV), vagus (X), and (spinal) accessory (XI) nerves exit the skull

styloid process location & purpose:

a pointed spicule of bone, serves as a muscle and ligament attachment.

foramen

a short opening through bone

Foramen

an opening in a bone or hard tissue.

superciliary ridge

are located above each eyebrow

The occipital bone articulates with the ___, or first ____ _____ by way of the occipital ____.

atlas/ cervical vertebra/ condyles.

external auditory (acoustic) meatus location & purpose:

located in the tympanic portion, is the opening for the outer ear

sphenoid bone

looks like a bat with a body, 2 greater wings snd 2 lesser wings. It articulates with all bones that form the cranium.

Which nerves pass through the superior orbital fissue to enter the orbit?

oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal (V), an the abducent (VI)

The hypoglossal canals are located

on either side of the foramen magnum.