Chapter 17

Thomas Hobbes

believed in powerful government

ederal republic

type of government created by the Constitution

what did rousseau mean by chains?

-naturally free from birth but theres restrictions -sacrifice some freedoms and in turn enter a community for mutual preservation

what were discovered/finally understood during this period?

-single celled organisms -secrets of the beating heart -earth orbits around the sun -star charts -gravity

how do pains words reflect enlightenment ideals?

-the pamphlet told them to declare their independence -continent can long remain subject to any external power

in october 1768 how many red coats are there for every colonist?

1 red coat for every 4 colonists

Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga significant?

France was persuaded to join the Americans.

Which foreign nations came to the aid of the Americans during the American Revolution?

France, Spain, and the Netherlands

The philosophe who used sarcasm to expose government abuse was

Voltaire.

Where did the British war effort finally collapse?

Yorktown, Virginia

what other countries are driving out imperial rulers?

france, greece, poland, beleguim

where has a successful slave relvot happened?

haiti

Montesquieu

thought government powers should be divided among three branches

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

to recognize that the people have basic rights the government must protect

Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts in the 1600s?

to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing

My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?

voltaire

Thomas Jefferson

was the main author of the Declaration of Independence

natural law

Rules discovered by the use of reason

Who is the author of Leviathan?

Thomas Hobbes

Who described the era of the 1700s as "enlightened"?

Immanuel Kant

voltaires popular work

candide

what number is the taxes for puritans

1/4 of people are paying the taxes

laissez faire

Allowing business to operate with little government interference

The nation's first constitution was known as the

Articles of Confederation.

Why did the American colonists resent British rule?

Britain imposed high taxes and controlled trade.

How did the French and Indian War lead to colonists' dissatisfaction?

Colonists had to pay higher taxes to pay for the war effort.

Who were the physiocrats?

French thinkers who focused on economics

Which statement best describes the ideas of Hobbes and Rousseau?

Hobbes believed people in their natural state were bad; Rousseau believed they were good.

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

It encouraged people to use reason to try to understand social, political, and economic issues.

Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow a government that violates their rights?

John Locke

in 1768 it mentions a man that is considered one of the richest in boston who is it?

John hancock

who is the man that takes the lead to spread the news of the massacre on his horse?

Paul revere

How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau's beliefs differ from many Enlightenment thinkers?

Rousseau believed the good of the community as a whole was most important.

Which book stated that only freely elected governments should impose control on people?

The Social Contract

Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

After signing which of the following documents did Great Britain recognize the independence of the United States?

Treaty of Paris

Benjamin Franklin

a philosopher, scientist, and legislator, diplomat

how did this influence his ideas about government?

admired britians constitutional monarchy criticized unjust legal system, power of the catholic church, press censorship

Which phrase best describes the principle of popular sovereignty?

all government power comes from the people

who is the man that is responsible for starting a revolutionary communication system

benjamin franklin

where did the spanish empire lose control

bolivia, columbia, peru

why did the king of england need the trees grown near boston?

british ships trade navy explorers

militia

citizen based protection unit some had skills some didn't weapons payed by the colonists form together to protect each other know the trails

When George III became king of Great Britain in 1760, he

decided to reassert the powers of the crown.

how was the scientific method different?

democracy is peaking out self determination idea of freedom comes first

what kind of new nation is born?

democracy: gov by the people for the people

what did midget do to the sheriff?

did what he would've been punished with, one strike for every tree stolen

why did so many ships wreck during this period?

didn't know where they were going because of inaccurate star charts

what did he think of the catholic church?

didn't like its intolerance and power

what new concepts did the american revolution introduce into the world?

individual freedom personal liberty

what does dogged hard work mean?

its harder than we think it is persistence takes a lot to achieve it

17.2 James Madison

kept notebooks about the writing of the United States Constitution

Physiocrats rejected mercantilism in favor of a policy of

laissez faire.

According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a government should

let free market forces drive the economy.

what did the kind tell them to do before the massacre?

not to shoot

meeting is held where and what is decided?

philadelphia, solidarity and they're all americans -make peace one more time

17.1 Rousseau

put his faith in the "general will" of the people

Which phrase best describes the concept of natural law?

rules discoverable by reason

what were some of the things about french society that voltaire criticized

rules, ideas, behavior that he didn't tolerate

superstition is giving way to ______

science

What idea of Montesquieu influenced the United States Constitution?

separation of powers

in 1773 the boston have taxes on

tea

The year 1776 is considered the United States' birthday because

the Declaration of Independence was adopted.

What event revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?

the Scientific Revolution

where are 1/3 of british ships made?

the colonies, boston