Chapter 17
Thomas Hobbes
believed in powerful government
ederal republic
type of government created by the Constitution
what did rousseau mean by chains?
-naturally free from birth but theres restrictions -sacrifice some freedoms and in turn enter a community for mutual preservation
what were discovered/finally understood during this period?
-single celled organisms -secrets of the beating heart -earth orbits around the sun -star charts -gravity
how do pains words reflect enlightenment ideals?
-the pamphlet told them to declare their independence -continent can long remain subject to any external power
in october 1768 how many red coats are there for every colonist?
1 red coat for every 4 colonists
Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga significant?
France was persuaded to join the Americans.
Which foreign nations came to the aid of the Americans during the American Revolution?
France, Spain, and the Netherlands
The philosophe who used sarcasm to expose government abuse was
Voltaire.
Where did the British war effort finally collapse?
Yorktown, Virginia
what other countries are driving out imperial rulers?
france, greece, poland, beleguim
where has a successful slave relvot happened?
haiti
Montesquieu
thought government powers should be divided among three branches
What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
to recognize that the people have basic rights the government must protect
Why did Parliament pass the Navigation Acts in the 1600s?
to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?
voltaire
Thomas Jefferson
was the main author of the Declaration of Independence
natural law
Rules discovered by the use of reason
Who is the author of Leviathan?
Thomas Hobbes
Who described the era of the 1700s as "enlightened"?
Immanuel Kant
voltaires popular work
candide
what number is the taxes for puritans
1/4 of people are paying the taxes
laissez faire
Allowing business to operate with little government interference
The nation's first constitution was known as the
Articles of Confederation.
Why did the American colonists resent British rule?
Britain imposed high taxes and controlled trade.
How did the French and Indian War lead to colonists' dissatisfaction?
Colonists had to pay higher taxes to pay for the war effort.
Who were the physiocrats?
French thinkers who focused on economics
Which statement best describes the ideas of Hobbes and Rousseau?
Hobbes believed people in their natural state were bad; Rousseau believed they were good.
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
It encouraged people to use reason to try to understand social, political, and economic issues.
Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow a government that violates their rights?
John Locke
in 1768 it mentions a man that is considered one of the richest in boston who is it?
John hancock
who is the man that takes the lead to spread the news of the massacre on his horse?
Paul revere
How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau's beliefs differ from many Enlightenment thinkers?
Rousseau believed the good of the community as a whole was most important.
Which book stated that only freely elected governments should impose control on people?
The Social Contract
Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
After signing which of the following documents did Great Britain recognize the independence of the United States?
Treaty of Paris
Benjamin Franklin
a philosopher, scientist, and legislator, diplomat
how did this influence his ideas about government?
admired britians constitutional monarchy criticized unjust legal system, power of the catholic church, press censorship
Which phrase best describes the principle of popular sovereignty?
all government power comes from the people
who is the man that is responsible for starting a revolutionary communication system
benjamin franklin
where did the spanish empire lose control
bolivia, columbia, peru
why did the king of england need the trees grown near boston?
british ships trade navy explorers
militia
citizen based protection unit some had skills some didn't weapons payed by the colonists form together to protect each other know the trails
When George III became king of Great Britain in 1760, he
decided to reassert the powers of the crown.
how was the scientific method different?
democracy is peaking out self determination idea of freedom comes first
what kind of new nation is born?
democracy: gov by the people for the people
what did midget do to the sheriff?
did what he would've been punished with, one strike for every tree stolen
why did so many ships wreck during this period?
didn't know where they were going because of inaccurate star charts
what did he think of the catholic church?
didn't like its intolerance and power
what new concepts did the american revolution introduce into the world?
individual freedom personal liberty
what does dogged hard work mean?
its harder than we think it is persistence takes a lot to achieve it
17.2 James Madison
kept notebooks about the writing of the United States Constitution
Physiocrats rejected mercantilism in favor of a policy of
laissez faire.
According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a government should
let free market forces drive the economy.
what did the kind tell them to do before the massacre?
not to shoot
meeting is held where and what is decided?
philadelphia, solidarity and they're all americans -make peace one more time
17.1 Rousseau
put his faith in the "general will" of the people
Which phrase best describes the concept of natural law?
rules discoverable by reason
what were some of the things about french society that voltaire criticized
rules, ideas, behavior that he didn't tolerate
superstition is giving way to ______
science
What idea of Montesquieu influenced the United States Constitution?
separation of powers
in 1773 the boston have taxes on
tea
The year 1776 is considered the United States' birthday because
the Declaration of Independence was adopted.
What event revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?
the Scientific Revolution
where are 1/3 of british ships made?
the colonies, boston