chapter 18

In order to value a project which is not scale enhancing you need to: A. typically calculate the equity cost of capital using the risk adjusted beta of another firm in the industry before calculating the WACC. B. typically increase the beta of another firm in the same line of business and then calculate the discount rate using the SML. C. typically you can simply apply your current cost of capital. D. discount at the market rate of return since the project will diversify the firm to the market. E. typically calculate the equity cost of capital using the risk adjusted beta of another firm in another industry before calculating the WACC.

a

The APV method to value a project should be used when the: A. project's level of debt is known over the life of the project. B. project's target debt to value ratio is constant over the life of the project. C. project's debt financing is unknown over the life of the project. D. Both project's level of debt is known over the life of the project; and project's target debt to value ratio is constant over the life of the project. E. Both project's target debt to value ratio is constant over the life of the project; and project's debt financing is unknown over the life of the project.

a

The Simpson Corp. is planning construction of a new plant. The initial cost of the investment is $5 million. Efficiencies from the new plant are expected to reduce costs by $620,000 forever. The corporation has a total value of $400 million and has outstanding debt of $150 million. What is the NPV of the project if the firm has an after tax cost of debt of 5% and a cost equity of 8%? A. $4,018,181 B. $4,434,748 C. $5,000,000 D. $9,018,181 E. None of these is the correct NPV.

a

The Webster Corp. is planning construction of a new shipping depot for its single manufacturing plant. The initial cost of the investment is $1 million. Efficiencies from the new depot are expected to reduce costs by $100,000 forever. The corporation has a total value of $60 million and has outstanding debt of $40 million. What is the NPV of the project if the firm has an after tax cost of debt of 6% and a cost equity of 9%? A. $428,571 B. $444,459 C. $565,547 D. $1,000,000 E. None of these is the correct NPV.

a

The term (B x rb) gives the: A. cost of debt interest payments per year. B. cost of equity dividend payments per year. C. unit cost of debt. D. unit cost of equity. E. weighted average cost of capital.

a

Flotation costs are incorporated into the APV framework by: A. adding them into the all equity value of the project. B. subtracting them from the all equity value of the project. C. incorporating them into the WACC. D. disregarding them. E. None of these.

b

If a project's debt level is known over the life of the project, one should use A. WACC. B. APV. C. FTE. D. IRR. E. None of these.

b

In calculating the NPV using the flow-to-equity approach the discount rate is the: A. all equity cost of capital. B. cost of equity for the levered firm. C. all equity cost of capital minus the weighted average cost of debt. D. weighted average cost of capital. E. all equity cost of capital plus the weighted average cost of debt.

b

The APV method is comprised of the all equity NPV of a project and the NPV of financing effects. The four side effects are: A. tax subsidy of dividends, cost of issuing new securities, subsidy of financial distress and cost of debt financing. B. cost of issuing new securities, cost of financial distress, tax subsidy of debt and other subsidies to debt financing. C. cost of issuing new securities, cost of financial distress, tax subsidy of dividends and cost of debt financing. D. subsidy of financial distress, tax subsidy of debt, cost of other debt financing and cost of issuing new securities. E. None of these.

b

The WACC approach to valuation is not as useful as the APV approach in leveraged buyouts because: A. there is greater risk with a LBO. B. the capital structure is changing. C. there is no tax shield with the WACC. D. the value of the levered and unlevered firms are equal. E. the unlevered and levered cash flows are separated which cannot be used with the WACC approach.

b

The value of a corporation in a levered buyout is composed of which following four parts: A. unlevered cash flows and interest tax shields during the debt paydown period, unlevered terminal value, and asset sales. B. unlevered cash flows and interest tax shields during the debt paydown period, unlevered terminal value and interest tax shields after the paydown period. C. levered cash flows and interest tax shields during the debt paydown period, levered terminal value and interest tax shields after the paydown period. D. levered cash flows and interest tax shields during the debt paydown period, unlevered terminal value and interest tax shields after the paydown period. E. asset sales, unlevered cash flows during the paydown period, interest tax shields and unlevered terminal value.

b

If the WACC is used in valuing a leveraged buyout, the: A. WACC remains constant because of the final target debt ratio desired. B. flotation costs must be added to the total UCF. C. WACC must be recalculated as the debt is repaid and the cost of capital changes. D. tax shields of debt are not available because the corporation is no longer publicly traded. E. None of these.

c

Non-market or subsidized financing ________ the APV ___________. A. has no impact on; as the lower interest rate is offset by the lower discount rate B. decreases; by decreasing the NPV of the loan C. increases; by increasing the NPV of the loan D. has no impact on; as the tax deduction is not allowed with any government supported financing E. None of these

c

The Telescoping Tube Company is planning to raise $2,500,000 in perpetual debt at 11% to finance part of their expansion. They have just received an offer from the Albanic County Board of Commissioners to raise the financing for them at 8% if they build in Albanic County. What is the total added value of debt financing to Telescoping Tube if their tax rate is 34% and Albanic raises it for them? A. $850,000 B. $1,200,000 C. $1,300,000 D. $1,650,000 E. There is no value to the scheme; Albanic is just conning Telescoping Tube into moving.

c

The appropriate cost of debt to the firm is: A. the weighted cost of debt after tax. B. the levered equity rate. C. the market borrowing rate after tax. D. the coupon rate pre-tax. E. None of these.

c

The flow-to-equity (FTE) approach in capital budgeting is defined to be the: A. discounting all cash flows from a project at the overall cost of capital. B. scale enhancing discount process. C. discounting of the levered cash flows to the equity holders for a project at the required return on equity. D. dividends and capital gains that may flow to shareholders of any firm. E. discounting of the unlevered cash flows of a project from a levered firm at the WACC.

c

The flow-to-equity approach has been used by the firm to value their capital budgeting projects. The total investment cost at time 0 is $640,000. The company uses the flow-to-equity approach because they maintain a target debt to value ratio over project lives. The company has a debt to equity ratio of 0.5. The present value of the project including debt financing is $810,994. What is the relevant initial investment cost to use in determining the value of the project? A. $170,994 B. $267,628 C. $372,372 D. $543,366 E. $640,000

c

The flow-to-equity approach to capital budgeting is a three step process of: A. calculating the levered cash flow, the cost of equity capital for a levered firm, then adding the interest expense when the cash flows are discounted. B. calculating the unlevered cash flow, the cost of equity capital for a levered firm, and then discounting the unlevered cash flows. C. calculating the levered cash flow after interest expense and taxes, the cost of equity capital for a levered firm, and then discounting the levered cash flows by the cost of equity capital. D. calculating the levered cash flow after interest expense and taxes, the cost of equity capital for a levered firm, and then discounting the levered cash flows at the risk free rate. E. None of these.

c

Discounting the unlevered after tax cash flows by the _____ minus the ______ yields the ________. A. cost of capital for the unlevered firm; initial investment; adjusted present value B. cost of equity capital; initial investment; project NPV C. weighted cost of capital; fractional equity investment; project NPV D. cost of capital for the unlevered firm; initial investment; all-equity net present value E. None of these

d

In a leveraged buyout, the equity holders expect a successful buyout if: A. the firm generates enough cash to serve the debt in early years. B. the company can be taken public or sold in 3 to 7 years. C. the company is attractive to buyers as the buyout matures. D. All of these. E. None of these.

d

The acceptance of a capital budgeting project is usually evaluated on its own merits. That is, capital budgeting decisions are treated separately from capital structure decisions. In reality, these decisions may be highly interwoven. This may result in: A. firms rejecting positive NPV, all equity projects because changing to a capital structure with debt will always create negative NPV. B. never considering capital budgeting projects on their own merits. C. corporate financial managers first checking with their investment bankers to determine the best type of capital to raise before valuing the project. D. firms accepting some negative NPV all equity projects because changing the capital structure adds enough positive leverage tax shield value to create a positive NPV. E. firms never changing the capital structure because all capital budgeting decisions will be subsumed by capital structure decisions.

d

The acronym APV stands for: A. applied present value. B. all-purpose variable. C. accepted project verified. D. adjusted present value. E. applied projected value.

d

The non-market rate financing impact on the APV is: A. calculated by Tc B because the tax shield depends only on the amount of financing. B. calculated by subtracting the all equity NPV from the FTE NPV. C. irrelevant because it is always less than the market financing rate. D. calculated by the NPV of the loan using both debt rates. E. None of these.

d

Using APV, the analysis can be tricky in examples of: A. tax subsidy to debt. B. interest subsidy. C. flotation costs. D. All of these. E. Both tax subsidy to debt; and flotation costs.

d

9. Although the three capital budgeting methods are equivalent, they all can have difficulties making computation impossible at times. The most useful methods or tools from a practical standpoint are: A. APV because debt levels are unknown in future years. B. WACC because projects have constant risk and target debt to value ratios. C. Flow-to-equity, because of constant risk and the knowledge that managers think in terms of optimal debt to equity ratios. D. Both APV because debt levels are unknown in future years; and WACC because projects have constant risk and target debt to value ratios. E. Both WACC because projects have constant risk and target debt to value ratios; and Flow-to-equity, because of constant risk and the knowledge that managers think in terms of optimal debt to equity ratios.

e

An appropriate guideline to adopt when determining the valuation formula to use is: A. never use the APV approach. B. use APV if the project is far different from scale enhancing. C. use WACC if the project is close to being scale enhancing. D. Both never use the APV approach; and use WACC if the project is close to being scale enhancing. E. Both use APV if the project is far different from scale enhancing; and use WACC if the project is close to being scale enhancing.

e