Chapter 18 Exam Review: Solid and Hazardous Waste
The most desirable method of dealing with hazardous wastes is ____. a. conversion to less hazardous materials b. perpetual storage c. deposit in ocean trenches d. recycling and reusing hazardous wastes e. incineration
recycling and reusing hazardous waste
.Which "R" of waste reduction can be described as "don't use it"? a. redo b. reduce c. reuse d. refuse e. recycle
refuse
.Bottle bills ____. a. tax bottle manufacturers b. tax consumers who don't carry reusable containers c. require a deposit for every bottle purchased, and refund the deposit when the bottle is returned d. discourage theft e. have been adopted in over 25 states
require a deposit or every bottle purchased, and refund the deposit when the bottle is returned
Downcycling a material can also be described as ____. a. primary recycling b. refusing c. reusing d. secondary recycling e. binary recycling
secondary recycling
.Some liquid hazardous wastes are stored in lined ponds, pits or lagoons, called _____. a. surficial wastes installations b. sludge ponds c. hazardous waste basins d. dead zones e. surface impoundments
surface impoundments
The "four Rs" of waste reduction present an alternative to the ____ economy a. sustainble b. ecosystem c. recycling d. throwaway e. profitable
throwaway
.Sanitary landfills typically have problems with_____. a. traffic, noise, and dust b. producing hazardous waste c. running out of space quickly d. high operating costs e. spread of disease
traffic, noise, and dust
Calculate the percent of solid waste that could potentially be recycled into a soil enriching compost. a. 6.2% b. 12.8% c. 14.6% d. 34.3%
34.3%
.This diagram representative a strategy known as a. Source reduction/cogeneration b. Profitable waste management c. Integrated waste management d. Integrated pest management
Integrated waste management
.The ____ is used in the United States to regulate hazardous waste a. Superfund Act b. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Recovery, Compensation, and Liability Act c. Solid Waste Disposal Act d. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
.The products of composting can be used to supply plant nutrients. True False
True
At sanitary landfills, consideration of leachate is important as far as environmental preservation is concerned. True False
True
Must of the e-waste in the Unites States that is not buried or incinerated is shipped to countries with weak environmental regulations True False
True
Recycling a high-quality plastic item into a mixed-material park bench that will have to go in a landfill at the end of its life is an example of upcycling. True False
True
.All of the following contribute to municipal solid waste EXCEPT a. Waste produced by households b. Waste produced from schools c. Waste produced by construction and demolition d. Waste produced from local stores
Waste produced by construction and demolition
.All of the following contribute to municipal solid waste EXCEPT a. Waste produced by households b. Waste produced from schools c. Waste produced by construction and demolition d. Waste produced from local stores
Waste produced by construction and demolition
Which of the following have been associated with the use of single-use plastic bags? I. Outbreaks of malaria in Africa II. Loss of wildlife and livestock III. Blocking drainage and sewage systems a. I only b. I, II, and III c. II and III d. II only
b. I, II and III
.One advantage of materials recovery facilities (MRFs) is that _____. a. they eliminate the need for source separation b. they are inexpensive to build c. they reduce the production of municipal solid waste d. combustible wastes can be burned to generate electricity e. electricity generation offsets emissions of toxic ash
combustible wastes can be burned to generate electricity
What is an example of shared use? a. products designed to be easily recyclable b. sanitary landfills c. refillable beverage containers d. community tool library e. downcycling
community tool library
.Which characteristic would NOT be used to define hazardous waste? a. chemically reactive b. toxic c. conductive d. flammable e. corrosive
conductive
.What is one disadvantage of using plasma gasification to detoxify hazardous waste? a. toxic ash production b. groundwater contamination c. mobility d. cost e. low energy use
cost
.The life cycle of a product that begins when it is manufactured and ends when it is discarded as solid waste, typically in a landfill or as litter, is called _____. a. cradle-to-grave b. cradle-to-home c. cradle-to-cradle d. grave-to-grave e. reincarnation
cradle-to-grave
.Which of the following is true of the process of bioremediation? I. Bacteria and enzymes are used to recycle solid waste II. Bacteria and enzymes are used to detoxify hazardous wastes III. The process is especially useful on contaminated soil a. I and II b. I only c. II only d. II and III
d. II and III
.For recycling to be successful, three steps must be applied consistently. The three steps, in order of application, are ____. a. buying/selling recyclables, storing recyclables, and converting recyclables b. collecting recyclables, buying/selling recyclables, and storing recyclables c. collecting recyclables, converting recyclables, and storing recyclables d. buying/selling recyclables, converting recyclables, and collecting recyclables e. collecting recyclables, converting recyclables, and buying/selling recyclables
e. collecting recyclables, converting recyclables, and buying/selling recyclables
Discarded car batteries and dry-cell batteries are best described as ____ waste. a. sanitary b. incineration c. industrial solid d. liquid e. hazardous
hazardous
.In many less-developed countries, much of the municipal solid waste ends up _______. a. being incinerated for energy production b. in recycling facilities c. in sanitary landfills d. being shipped to more-developed countries e. in open dumps
in open dumps
One advantage of bioremediation over physical and chemical methods of cleaning up hazardous wastes is that ______. a. the plants create natural habitats for organisms b. it is cheaper c. it doesn't require permitting d. it doesn't create any byproduct e. it is faster
it is cheaper
.Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called _____ waste. a. municipal solid b. toxic solid c. electronic d. industrial solid e. hazardous
municipal solid
.Which material makes up the largest portion of municipal solid waste in the United States? a. paper b. metal c plastic d. glass e. wood
paper
.Filtration and distillation are ___ methods for detoxifying hazardous waste. a. physical b. biological c. natural d. inexpensive e. chemical
physical