Chapter 18 Lesson 2
James I
King of England (former king of Scotland) who believed in the divine right of kings
Louis XIV
King of France from 1638 - 1718 - the "Sun King" - goal was to rule as an absolute monarch - took steps to limit the political involvement of nobility
restoration
a bringing back to a former position or condition
commonwealth
a nation, state, or other political unit founded on law and united by agreement and by the people
William of Orange
Dutch leader who was invited by English nobles to invade England (attempt to remove James II from power)
Puritans
English Protestants who believed that the Church of English needed further reform and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship
New Model Army
army of Independent Puritans (parliament forces) who sought to eliminate the Cavaliers (those loyal to the king) created by Oliver Cromwell
James II
brother to Charles II who inherited the throne - openly Catholic - lost the throne in the Glorious Revolution to William the Orange and Mary (his daughter)
Anglicans
followers of the Church of England (Anglican church)
William Blackstone
judge and professor of law who wrote Commentaries on the Laws on England
Parliament
legislative body of England (like our Congress)
Oliver Cromwell
military genius who created the New Model Army and overthrew the king and parliament establishing himself as dictator of England
John Locke
political activist who wrote Two Treatises of Government arguing against absolute power by one ruler and instead for people organizing government to protect their natural rights
Thomas Hobbes
political activist who wrote about the Leviathan - idea that people should be governed by an absolute ruler with unlimited power in order to maintain order in society
natural rights
rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property
Charles I
son of James I who believed in the divine right of kings to rule - was executed by the Rump Parliament after trying to maintain absolute power over the Parliament
Cavaliers - (Royalists)
supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War
Roundheads
supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War
divine right of kings
the belief that the king gets his power from God and not from his subjects
House of Commons
the lower house of Parliament
convert
to change from one belief to another (person)