Chapter 18 Lesson 2

James I

King of England (former king of Scotland) who believed in the divine right of kings

Louis XIV

King of France from 1638 - 1718 - the "Sun King" - goal was to rule as an absolute monarch - took steps to limit the political involvement of nobility

restoration

a bringing back to a former position or condition

commonwealth

a nation, state, or other political unit founded on law and united by agreement and by the people

William of Orange

Dutch leader who was invited by English nobles to invade England (attempt to remove James II from power)

Puritans

English Protestants who believed that the Church of English needed further reform and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

New Model Army

army of Independent Puritans (parliament forces) who sought to eliminate the Cavaliers (those loyal to the king) created by Oliver Cromwell

James II

brother to Charles II who inherited the throne - openly Catholic - lost the throne in the Glorious Revolution to William the Orange and Mary (his daughter)

Anglicans

followers of the Church of England (Anglican church)

William Blackstone

judge and professor of law who wrote Commentaries on the Laws on England

Parliament

legislative body of England (like our Congress)

Oliver Cromwell

military genius who created the New Model Army and overthrew the king and parliament establishing himself as dictator of England

John Locke

political activist who wrote Two Treatises of Government arguing against absolute power by one ruler and instead for people organizing government to protect their natural rights

Thomas Hobbes

political activist who wrote about the Leviathan - idea that people should be governed by an absolute ruler with unlimited power in order to maintain order in society

natural rights

rights with which all humans are born, including the rights to life, liberty, and property

Charles I

son of James I who believed in the divine right of kings to rule - was executed by the Rump Parliament after trying to maintain absolute power over the Parliament

Cavaliers - (Royalists)

supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War

Roundheads

supporters of Parliament in the English Civil War

divine right of kings

the belief that the king gets his power from God and not from his subjects

House of Commons

the lower house of Parliament

convert

to change from one belief to another (person)