Chapter 18 Quiz

Exodusters

African Americans who migrated to Kansas.

Vaudeville

An inexpensive popular American variety show toward the end of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century that relied heavily on stand-up comedy routines and musical numbers.

Popular Culture

Culture that was popular with the middle class at the time; going to sporting events or the theatre

Fact Worship

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Haymarket Riot

100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.

American Federation of Labor

1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

Knights of Labor

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

Maternalism

A justification for women's activism in politics and public life, based on the argument that women, as mothers or potential mothers, have special talents and sympathies.

Molly Maguires

A secret Irish organization of coal miners in regions of western Pennsylvania and West Virgina in the mid to late 1800's. The miners worked together to achieve better working conditions, and when demands weren't met, they protested by destroying mining equipment and other activities. They were eventually brought down by a Pinkerton detective, and some alleged members had trials and were hanged.

Great Railroad Strike

A violent but ultimately unsuccessful interstate strike, which resulted in extensive property damage and many deaths. The first major interstate strike in us history. The panic of 1873 caused railroad lines to cut wages which caused workers to walk off the job and block the tracks- it eventually turned violent. Federal troops finally quelled the violence. After workers turned violent the public began to blame them for the looting and violence and they lost all sympathy

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Association Founded by Susan B. Anthony in 1890, this organization worked to secure women the right to vote. While some suffragists urged militant action, it stressed careful organization and peaceful lobbying. By 1920 it had nearly two million members. This was created by the merging of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) with the American Women Suffrage Association (AWSA).

W.E.B. DuBois

During the Progressive Era, he emerged as the most influential advocate of full political, economic, and social equality for Black Americans. He founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He advocated the intellectual development of a "talented tenth" of the Black population. He hoped that the talented tenth would become influential by, for example, continuing their education, writing books, or becoming directly involved in social change. He opposed the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress. He supported cooperation with White people to further Black progress. His goal was integration, not Black separatism.

Equal Rights Association

Founded by Stanton, Anthony, and Strong to link the rights of white women and African Americans. Association of women working to get laws passed that would give women the right to vote.

Anti-Labor Weapons

Government policies; early readings of the Sherman Anti Trust Act and the 14th Amendment

Atlanta Compromise

He called on African Americans to seek economic opportunities rather than political rights. He declared, "In all things purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

Booker T. Washington

He supported Black economic self-help, accommodation to White society, vocational education, racial solidarity. He opposed public political agitation.

Homestead Steel Strike

In 1892- one of the most violent strikes in America at the Carnegie Steel Company. 7 people died. 300 Pinkerton detectives were hired and there was a battle where they ultimately surrendered.

Williams v. Mississippi

In 1898, the Court found unanimously that Mississippi's laws regarding poll taxes and literacy tests were not unconstitutional because they were applied to all voters.

American Women Suffrage Association

Lead by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe. Moderates who remained allied to the Republican Party in hopes that once Reconstruction had been settled it would be time for the women's vote.

National Woman Suffrage Association

Organization founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, fought for women's suffrage to be recognized by the fifteenth Amendment.

Management Revolution

Owners no longer run every aspect of their business. Managers brought in to run things instead. Specialized management (sales, finance, advertising, purchasing, etc.)

Religious Fundamentalism

Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy where every word of the bible is interpreted literally.

Ida B. Wells

She was an African American civil rights advocate and an early women's rights advocate. She is noted for her opposition to lynching.

Carrie Nation

She was one of the best known and most outspoken leaders of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

Social Gospel Movement

The Social Gospel was a reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to confront social problems. Christian ministers were among the leaders of the Social Gospel movement.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The case involved a dispute over the legality of segregated railroad cars in Louisiana. It upheld segregation by approving "separate but equal" accommodations for African Americans. It led to the establishment of separate school systems for African Americans. The doctrine of "separate but equal" was reversed in 1954 by the landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.

Civil Rights Cases

These cases weakened the protections given to African Americans under the Fourteenth Amendment. Much of the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was declared unconstitutional. The cases declared that the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited only government violations of civil rights, not the denial of civil rights to individuals.

NAACP

This organization rejected Booker T. Washington's gradualism and separatism. Focused on using the courts to achieve equality and justice.

Women's Christian Temperance Union

This union successfully convinced many women that they had a moral responsibility to improve society by working for prohibition.

Literary Realism

This was the most significant movement in American literature during the late nineteenth Century.

Niagara Movement

W.E.B. Du Bois and other young activists, who did not believe in accommodation, came together at Niagara Falls in 1905 to demand full black equality. Demanded that African Americans get right to vote in states where it had been taken away, segregation be abolished, and many discriminatory barriers be removed. Declared commitment for freedom of speech, brotherhood of all peoples, and respect for workingman. This movement led to the formation of the NAACP.

Pullman Strike

in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing