Chapter 18

__________ was the first institution of higher learning in North America, devoted to teaching the "correct" balanced Calvinist Protestantism A. Harvard College B. College of William and Mary C. Yale Divinity School D. Providence College

A

The most successful _________ settlement in North America was in the subtropical district at the mouth of the Mississippi River in what is now Louisiana, where some 300 settlers and 4000 African slaves founded sugar plantations. A. Dutch B. English C. French D. Spanish

C

A Native American reported an appearance of Our Lady of _________ in 1531, in a place where the native goddess Tonantzin used to be venerated. A. Acapulco B. Tlaxcala C. Lourdes D. Guadalupe

D

Of the approximately 144,000 estimated Native Americans in New England in 1600, fewer than 15,000 remained by ______. A. 1607 B. 1176 C. 1690 D. 1620

D

Juana Inés de la Cruz secretly studied Latin, Greek, and _________ in her maternal grandfather's library. A. Nahuatl B. French C. Mayan D. Hebrew

A

Leading a motley force of about 530 Spanish men, _________ defeated a much larger indigenous force at Tabasco in 1518. A. Hernán Cortés B. Minas Gerais C. Alonso Ortíz D. Francisco Pizarro

A

The "conquistadors" Francisco Pizarro, Hernán Cortés, and Alonso Ortíz all originated in the Spanish region of __________.A. Estremadura B. Granada C. Valencia D. Catalonia

A

By the early seventeenth century, a powerful elite of Spanish who ___________, called Creoles, was in place to assist the Spanish administrators.A. Had joined a specially created Franciscan order of priests. B. Had been born in the Americas. C. Had been brought across the Atlantic to marry the men and produce children. D. Had accompanied the conquistadors in the 1510s.

B

Portuguese colonial cities and Jesuits repeatedly clashed over the ____________ of the "pioneers" (bandeirantes) into the Brazilian interior. A. Tax evasion B. Slave raids C. Scientific discoveries D. Silver mining

B

The Columbian Exchange characterizes the transfer of plants, animals, and ________ between the Americas and the rest of the world A. Minerals B. Diseases C. Ideas D. Population

B

The Spanish quest for the mythical ____________ or "golden city" was fruitless. A. Shangri-La B. El Dorado C. El Jefe D. Del Rio

B

The term "casta" originated in the desire of the Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of ___________. A. Commitment to Catholicism B. Racial mixture C. Age and establishment of possession D. Wealth and status

B

To support the mining centers and administrative cities, the Spanish colonial government ___________ the development of agricultural estates (haciendas). A. Suppressed B. Encouraged C. Dismissed as impractical D. Heavily taxed

B

An estimated __________ Spaniards emigrated from Europe to the Americas between 1500 and 1800. A. 10,000 B. 30,000,000 C. 300,000 D. 1,000,000

C

From the middle of the seventeenth century, the pueblos de indios were fully functional, self-administering units, with councils (________), churches, schools, communal lands, and family parcels.A. Zacatecas B. Crioulos C. Cabildos D. Pampas

C

Having laid waste to Cuzco, Pizarro founded a new Andean capital at __________ in 1535. A. Cartagena B. São Paulo C. Lima D. Santiago de Chile

C

When the city of ___________ was captured in November 1519, the emperor Moctezuma II was forced to swear allegiance to Emperor Charles V. A. Campeche B. Veracruz C. Tenochtitlán D. Tlaxcala

C

Brazil produced a total of 1000 tons of _________ in the eighteenth century, a welcome bonanza for Portugal at a time of low agricultural prices A. Indigo B. Sugar C. Silver D. Gold

D

By means of land-labor grants called __________, Spanish entrepreneurs were entitled to use forced indigenous or imported slave labor to exploit natural resources in the New World A. Criollos B. Haciendas C. Cabildos D. Encomiendas

D

In the 1540s the Spanish government introduced ___________ called repartimientos, which was a continuation of the mit'a system devised by the Inca for taxation. A. Khipu-calculated tax-tables B. Tithe-based church endowments C. Apartments for young women D. Rotating labor assignments

D