Chapter 18: The Endocrine System (copied)

When does the adrenal cortex and medulla begin to form after fertilization? A 3 weeks B 5 weeks C 6 weeks D 4 weeks E 7 weeks

5 weeks

A patient suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia would likely have high levels of which of the following hormones? A : aldosterone B : cortisol C : ACTH D : corticosterone

ACTH

Which of the following hormones is produced by the heart? A : ANP B : hCG C : GIP D : EPO

ANP

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the gastrointestinal tract? A : hCS B : EPO C : CCK D : hCG

CCK

Which of the following pancreatic cells secrete somatostatin? A : A cells B : D cells C : B cells D : F cells

D cells

Which of the following hormones is secreted by somatotrophs? A ACTH B HGH C FSH D TSH

HGH

Which of the following growth factors is produced in platelets? A : TGF B : PDGF C : NGF D : FGF

PDGF

Osteoporosis might result from an excessive level of which of the following hormones? A : cortisol B : calcitonin C : calcitriol D : PTH

PTH

The majority of thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to which of the following proteins? A : TRH B : TBG C : TSH D : TGB

TBG

Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of a hormone? A acromegaly B myxedema C Addison's disease D hirsutism

acromegaly

Which of the following is the name for the signals that travel along axons in the nervous system? A : neurotransmitters B : mediator signals C : action potentials D : postsynaptic potentials

action potentials

Which of the following structures is affected by releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus? This is correct answer : A adenohypophysis B neurohypophysis C pars nervosa D posterior pituitary

adenohypophysis

Which of the following correctly identifies the tissues from which the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex derive? You got it wrong : A adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both from ectoderm B adrenal cortex from mesoderm; adrenal medulla from ectoderm C adrenal cortex from ectoderm, adrenal medulla from mesoderm D adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both from mesoderm

adrenal cortex from mesoderm; adrenal medulla from ectoderm

When norepinephrine is used as a hormone, it is released by which of the following structures? A : postganglionic ganglia B : gonads C : adrenal medulla D : adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

Select the correct description of adrenal gland hormone regulation. A adrenal medullae regulated by non-hormone chemicals; adrenal cortex regulated by neural stimuli B adrenal medullae regulated by hormones; adrenal cortex regulated by non-hormone chemicals C adrenal medullae regulated by neural stimuli; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones D adrenal medullae regulated by hormones; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones

adrenal medullae regulated by neural stimuli; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones

Which of the following hormones stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium and water? A : aldosterone B : TSH C : cortisol D : hGH

aldosterone

Which of the following hormones affect calcium balance in the body? A all of the choices are correct B parathyroid hormone C calcitriol D calcitonin

all of the choices are correct

Which of the following hormones is a catecholamine? A dopamine B norepinephrine C epinephrine D all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

Which of the following changes in the endocrine system often occur with aging? A rise in the level of PTH B all the choices are correct C decreased production of HGH D decreased production of thyroid hormones

all the choices are correct

Which of the following factors is affected by aldosterone? A hydrogen ion excretion B potassium ion homeostasis C blood pressure D all the choices are correct

all the choices are correct

Which of the following hormones works to regulate the menstrual cycle? A : estrogen B : FSH C : all the responses are correct D : progesterone

all the responses are correct

What is the term for the effect where one hormone opposes the action of another hormone? A permissive B synergistic C symbiotic D antagonistic

antagonistic

Which is the term for a hormone that acts on the same cell that secreted it? A paracrine B circulating hormone C limited hormone D autocrine

autocrine

The ___________ cells (also known as B cells) of the pancreas secrete insulin.

beta

The endocrine system increases the absorption of dietary calcium in the digestive tract by producing ___________.

calcitriol

Which is another name for the active form of vitamin D? A : thyroxine B : calcitonin C : calcitriol D : PTH

calcitriol

Which of the following hormones is correctly matched with the system it influences? A aldosterone and respiratory system B erythropoietin and nervous system C prolactin and lymphatic system D calcitriol and digestive system

calcitriol and digestive system

Which of the following hormone(s) is produced by the kidney? Select all that apply. A : epinephrine B : erythropoietin C : calcitriol D : leptin E : cortisol F : testosterone G : aldosterone

calcitriol, erythropoietin

Pheochromocytomas are benign tumors of the __________ cells in the adrenal medulla.

chromaffin

A patient with an inability to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone is likely to have a deficiency in the secretion of which of the following hormones? A : oxytocin B : insulin C : epinephrine D : cortisol

cortisol

Which of the following is an effect produced by thyroid hormones? A increased blood cholesterol B decreased protein synthesis C decreased blood cholesterol D decreased lipolysis

decreased blood cholesterol

An adult patient with a brain tumor that prevents the release of TRH (but no other hormones) might experience which of the following effects? A : decreased body temperature B : increased blood pressure C : increased heart rate D : increased blood cholesterol

decreased body temperature

Which of the following is an effect of pancreatic polypeptide? A increased digestive enzyme secretion by the pancreas This is correct answer : B decreased gallbladder contraction C increased somatostatin secretion D all of the choices are correct

decreased gallbladder contraction

Which of the following are symptoms of diabetes insipidus? Select all that apply. A dehydration B excessive urine production C excessive thirst D excessive eating E high blood glucose levels F edema

dehydration, excessive urine production, excessive thirst

Which of the following can occur in someone reaching the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A : depletion of the body's energy reserves B : increased immune activity C : skeletal muscle enlargement D : increased activity of pancreatic beta cells

depletion of the body's energy reserves

Identify the characteristic that the endocrine and nervous systems have in common. A electrical impulses trigger release of mediator B brief duration of action C effects are exerted on target cells by binding to specific receptors D dependent on the cardiovascular system for signal distribution

effects are exerted on target cells by binding to specific receptors

Virtually all types of body cells can be regulated through the activity of the _________ system.

endocrine

From which layer of the embryo do the parathyroid glands develop? A : mesoderm B : mesenchyme C : endoderm D : ectoderm

endoderm

Which is the term for stress that helps prepare us to meet certain challenges? A : stressor B : disturbance C : eustress D : distress

eustress

Which is the name for a gland that secretes its product into ducts? A : endocrine B : ductless C : hormonal D : exocrine

exocrine

Age-related muscle atrophy results from a decrease in hGH from the pineal gland. A : True B : False

false

An iodine-deficient diet can lead to an enlargement of the thyroid gland called a(an) ___________.

goiter

Which of the following conditions stimulates secretion of glucagon from the pancreas? A : hypoglycemia B : glycogenolysis C : gluconeogenesis D : hyperglycemia

hypoglycemia

The anterior pituitary is derived from an outgrowth of ectoderm called the A : diencephalon B : pharyngeal pouches C : neurohypophyseal bud D : hypophyseal pouch

hypophyseal pouch

The stress response is controlled mainly by which of the following structures? A : hypothalamus B : medulla oblongata C : cerebral cortex D : adrenal glands

hypothalamus

Which of the following endocrine organs are found in the brain? Select all that apply. A : parathyroid glands B : hypothalamus C : pituitary gland D : thymus E : pineal gland

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland

Which effect does prolonged stress have on the immune system? A immune activity increases slightly B immune activity decreases C immune activity increases D immune activity stays the same

immune activity increases slightly

Which of the following effects can be produced by the hormones from the adrenal medulla? A decrease in blood pressure B constriction of airways in the lungs C increase in heart rate D decrease in strength of heart contraction

increase in heart rate

Which of the following is a direct effect of PTH? A increased calcitriol secretion B decreased osteoclast activity C decreased blood calcium levels D increased digestive absorption of calcium

increased calcitriol secretion

Which of the following hormones is produced by both the testes and ovaries? This is correct answer : A inhibin B testosterone C estrogen D relaxin

inhibin

Which of the following effects occur during the fight-or-flight response? A inhibition of the digestive system B decreased release of renin by the kidneys C decreased blood pressure D stimulation of reproductive activities

inhibition of the digestive system

The pancreas releases _________ more slowly with age.

insulin

Which of the following chemicals can stimulate cortisol release? A : TRH B : GHRH C : IGF D : interleukin-1

interleukin-1

Which is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose level? A it raises glucose levels B it has no effect on glucose levels C it lowers glucose levels D it slightly lowers glucose levels

it raises glucose levels

An increased level of cortisol in the blood would have which effect on the production of CRH by the hypothalamus? A : it would slightly increase CRH production B : it would decrease CRH production C : it would have no effect on CRH production D : it would increase CRH production

it would decrease CRH production

Erythropoietin is produced by the _______.

kidneys

Which of the following hormones stimulates chemotaxis of white blood cells? A : thymopoietin B : leukotrienes C : thymosin D : prostaglandins

leukotrienes

Which of the following hormones is involved in setting the body's biological clock? A : melatonin B : insulin C : cortisol D : ACTH

melatonin

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pinealocytes? A : melatonin B : thymosin C : relaxin D : inhibin

melatonin

Secretion of ___________from the pineal gland ______________ in darkness. A melatonin; increases B serotonin; decreases C melatonin; decreases D serotonin; increases

melatonin; increases

Hormones that stimulate cell division are called _________ substances.

mitogenic

Hyposecretion of a hormone leads to which of the following disorders? A myxedema B Cushing's syndrome C giantism D acromegaly

myxedema

In response to low blood calcium levels, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which functions to increase blood calcium levels. This is an example of which of the following? A positive feedback B More than one choice is correct. C neural control of endocrine function D hormone regulation of endocrine function E negative feedback

negative feedback

The pineal gland consists of masses of secretory cells and ______.

neuroglia

The posterior pituitary gland develops from an outgrowth of ectoderm called the ______________. A neurohypophyseal bud B diverticulum C Rathke's pouch D hypophyseal pouch

neurohypophyseal bud

Which of the following hormones is produced by the cells lining blood vessels? A : histamine B : aldosterone C : serotonin D : nitric oxide

nitric oxide

Another name for noradrenaline is ________.

norepinephrine

The testes and ovaries are best described as __________________________. A not exclusively classified as exocrine glands, but do secrete hormones B not exclusively classified as endocrine glands, but do secrete hormones C exclusively classified as exocrine glands D exclusively classified as endocrine glands

not exclusively classified as endocrine glands, but do secrete hormones

Which of the following is/are true of acromegaly? Select all that apply. A : tetany B : occurs only in adults C : edema D : enlargement of nose, eyelids, and lips E : slowing of bone growth F : thickening of skin on forehead and soles of feet G : thickening of bones in hands and feet

occurs only in adults, enlargement of nose, eyelids, and lips, thickening of skin on forehead and soles of feet, thickening of bones in hands and feet

Which of the following endocrine glands develops from an outgrowth of the foregut? A : adrenal medulla B : pancreas C : adrenal cortex D : thymus

pancreas

Local hormones that act on neighboring cells are called ______________.

paracrines

Which of the following structures produce calcitonin? A : parafollicular cells B : small intestines C : follicular cells D : kidneys

parafollicular cells

Which of the following is part of the anterior pituitary? A pars distalis B pars nervosa C infundibulum D hypothalamus

pars distalis

A(an) effect refers to a situation where one hormone cannot have an effect on the target cell unless the cell is also exposed to a second hormone.

permissive

In some cases, a hormone is unable to have its effect unless the target cell has a simultaneous exposure to a second hormone. Which is the term for this type of effect? A antagonistic B synergistic C symbiotic D permissive

permissive

Benign tumors of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are called .

pheochromocytomas

When cAMP is being used as a second messenger, which will inactivate it? A : adenylate cyclase B : phosphodiesterase C : None of the choices are correct. D : protein kinase

phosphodiesterase

Which of the following are classified as endocrine glands? Select all that apply. A : pineal B : skin C : pituitary D : small intestines E : thyroid F : adrenal G : thymus

pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus

hich of the following secretes a product into the interstitial fluid? A salivary gland B pituitary gland C sebaceous gland D sweat gland

pituitary gland

The release of oxytocin during childbirth is controlled by ________ feedback.

positive

Hormones involved with T cell maturation are secreted by a gland located __________________________. A in the anterior neck B inferior to the epithalamus C posterior to the breastbone D in the pelvic cavity

posterior to the breastbone

With aging, which of the following changes occurs regarding the adrenal glands? Select all that apply. A : produce more cortisol B : produces less aldosterone C : produces more epinephrine D : produces less cortisol E : produces less epinephrine F : produces less norepinephrine

produces less cortisol, produces less aldosterone

Which of the following hormones has a role in enhancing pain? This is correct answer : A prostaglandin B erythropoietin C cortisol

prostaglandin

Which of the following are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome? Select all that apply. A excessive urine production B low blood glucose levels C redistribution of body fat D flushed face E spindly arms and legs F bronzed appearance of skin

redistribution of body fat, flushed face, spindly arms and legs

During pregnancy, which of the following hormones are produced by the ovaries and placenta? A : inhibin B : relaxin C : LH D : FSH

relaxin

In pregnancy, _____________ increase(s) the flexibility of the pubic symphysis joint. A estrogens B progesterone C inhibin D relaxin

relaxin

How does production of epinephrine and norepinephrine change with age? A : decreases B : increases C : remains normal

remains normal

A decrease in blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney to release the enzyme __________.

renin

Which of the following body systems are regulated by the hormones epinephrine and norephinephrine? Select all that apply. A : respiratory B : integumentary C : reproductive D : muscular E : cardiovascular F : digestive

respiratory, muscular, cardiovascular, digestive

Which is the name of the capillary network in the anterior pituitary that receives blood coming from the hypothalamus? A : primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system B : hypophyseal portal vein C : secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system D : superior hypophyseal artery

secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system

____________ are cells that produce HGH.

somatotrophs

Which is the term that describes an interaction where two hormones produce greater effects together than either one does alone? A : permissive B : symbiotic C : synergistic D : antagonistic

synergistic

Which of the following is characteristic of the endocrine system? A mediator released only in response to electrical impulse B typical response time is measured in milliseconds C targets cells throughout the body D involves neurotransmitter release

targets cells throughout the body

The male gonads are known as the

testes

Secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla is controlled by which of the following? A : the nervous system B : None of the choices is correct. C : chemical changes in the blood D : other hormones

the nervous system

Which of the following endocrine glands are derived from pharyngeal pouches? Select all that apply. A : pineal B : thymus C : thyroid D : parathyroids E : adrenal cortex

thymus, parathyroids

Which is the only endocrine structure to store a large quantity of the hormone it produces? A hypothalamus B thyroid gland C pancreas D thymus

thyroid gland

Which of the following hormones produced by the endocrine system help to regulate the skeletal system? Select all that apply. A : calcitriol B : thyroid hormones C : hGH D : luteinizing hormone E : IGFs F : calcitonin

thyroid hormones, hGH, IGH's, calcitonin

For which of the following reasons might vitamin D be commonly added to milk or other dairy products? A to keep the food from spoiling B to help people digest the lactose C to increase absorption of calcium D to improve the flavor

to increase absorption of calcium

Aldosterone, ADH, and atrial natriuretic peptide influence which body system? A nervous B digestive C skeletal D urinary

urinary