Chapter 18: The Endocrine System (copied)
When does the adrenal cortex and medulla begin to form after fertilization? A 3 weeks B 5 weeks C 6 weeks D 4 weeks E 7 weeks
5 weeks
A patient suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia would likely have high levels of which of the following hormones? A : aldosterone B : cortisol C : ACTH D : corticosterone
ACTH
Which of the following hormones is produced by the heart? A : ANP B : hCG C : GIP D : EPO
ANP
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the gastrointestinal tract? A : hCS B : EPO C : CCK D : hCG
CCK
Which of the following pancreatic cells secrete somatostatin? A : A cells B : D cells C : B cells D : F cells
D cells
Which of the following hormones is secreted by somatotrophs? A ACTH B HGH C FSH D TSH
HGH
Which of the following growth factors is produced in platelets? A : TGF B : PDGF C : NGF D : FGF
PDGF
Osteoporosis might result from an excessive level of which of the following hormones? A : cortisol B : calcitonin C : calcitriol D : PTH
PTH
The majority of thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to which of the following proteins? A : TRH B : TBG C : TSH D : TGB
TBG
Which of the following disorders is caused by hypersecretion of a hormone? A acromegaly B myxedema C Addison's disease D hirsutism
acromegaly
Which of the following is the name for the signals that travel along axons in the nervous system? A : neurotransmitters B : mediator signals C : action potentials D : postsynaptic potentials
action potentials
Which of the following structures is affected by releasing hormones produced by the hypothalamus? This is correct answer : A adenohypophysis B neurohypophysis C pars nervosa D posterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
Which of the following correctly identifies the tissues from which the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex derive? You got it wrong : A adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both from ectoderm B adrenal cortex from mesoderm; adrenal medulla from ectoderm C adrenal cortex from ectoderm, adrenal medulla from mesoderm D adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both from mesoderm
adrenal cortex from mesoderm; adrenal medulla from ectoderm
When norepinephrine is used as a hormone, it is released by which of the following structures? A : postganglionic ganglia B : gonads C : adrenal medulla D : adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
Select the correct description of adrenal gland hormone regulation. A adrenal medullae regulated by non-hormone chemicals; adrenal cortex regulated by neural stimuli B adrenal medullae regulated by hormones; adrenal cortex regulated by non-hormone chemicals C adrenal medullae regulated by neural stimuli; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones D adrenal medullae regulated by hormones; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones
adrenal medullae regulated by neural stimuli; adrenal cortex regulated by hormones
Which of the following hormones stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium and water? A : aldosterone B : TSH C : cortisol D : hGH
aldosterone
Which of the following hormones affect calcium balance in the body? A all of the choices are correct B parathyroid hormone C calcitriol D calcitonin
all of the choices are correct
Which of the following hormones is a catecholamine? A dopamine B norepinephrine C epinephrine D all of the choices are correct
all of the choices are correct
Which of the following changes in the endocrine system often occur with aging? A rise in the level of PTH B all the choices are correct C decreased production of HGH D decreased production of thyroid hormones
all the choices are correct
Which of the following factors is affected by aldosterone? A hydrogen ion excretion B potassium ion homeostasis C blood pressure D all the choices are correct
all the choices are correct
Which of the following hormones works to regulate the menstrual cycle? A : estrogen B : FSH C : all the responses are correct D : progesterone
all the responses are correct
What is the term for the effect where one hormone opposes the action of another hormone? A permissive B synergistic C symbiotic D antagonistic
antagonistic
Which is the term for a hormone that acts on the same cell that secreted it? A paracrine B circulating hormone C limited hormone D autocrine
autocrine
The ___________ cells (also known as B cells) of the pancreas secrete insulin.
beta
The endocrine system increases the absorption of dietary calcium in the digestive tract by producing ___________.
calcitriol
Which is another name for the active form of vitamin D? A : thyroxine B : calcitonin C : calcitriol D : PTH
calcitriol
Which of the following hormones is correctly matched with the system it influences? A aldosterone and respiratory system B erythropoietin and nervous system C prolactin and lymphatic system D calcitriol and digestive system
calcitriol and digestive system
Which of the following hormone(s) is produced by the kidney? Select all that apply. A : epinephrine B : erythropoietin C : calcitriol D : leptin E : cortisol F : testosterone G : aldosterone
calcitriol, erythropoietin
Pheochromocytomas are benign tumors of the __________ cells in the adrenal medulla.
chromaffin
A patient with an inability to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone is likely to have a deficiency in the secretion of which of the following hormones? A : oxytocin B : insulin C : epinephrine D : cortisol
cortisol
Which of the following is an effect produced by thyroid hormones? A increased blood cholesterol B decreased protein synthesis C decreased blood cholesterol D decreased lipolysis
decreased blood cholesterol
An adult patient with a brain tumor that prevents the release of TRH (but no other hormones) might experience which of the following effects? A : decreased body temperature B : increased blood pressure C : increased heart rate D : increased blood cholesterol
decreased body temperature
Which of the following is an effect of pancreatic polypeptide? A increased digestive enzyme secretion by the pancreas This is correct answer : B decreased gallbladder contraction C increased somatostatin secretion D all of the choices are correct
decreased gallbladder contraction
Which of the following are symptoms of diabetes insipidus? Select all that apply. A dehydration B excessive urine production C excessive thirst D excessive eating E high blood glucose levels F edema
dehydration, excessive urine production, excessive thirst
Which of the following can occur in someone reaching the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome? A : depletion of the body's energy reserves B : increased immune activity C : skeletal muscle enlargement D : increased activity of pancreatic beta cells
depletion of the body's energy reserves
Identify the characteristic that the endocrine and nervous systems have in common. A electrical impulses trigger release of mediator B brief duration of action C effects are exerted on target cells by binding to specific receptors D dependent on the cardiovascular system for signal distribution
effects are exerted on target cells by binding to specific receptors
Virtually all types of body cells can be regulated through the activity of the _________ system.
endocrine
From which layer of the embryo do the parathyroid glands develop? A : mesoderm B : mesenchyme C : endoderm D : ectoderm
endoderm
Which is the term for stress that helps prepare us to meet certain challenges? A : stressor B : disturbance C : eustress D : distress
eustress
Which is the name for a gland that secretes its product into ducts? A : endocrine B : ductless C : hormonal D : exocrine
exocrine
Age-related muscle atrophy results from a decrease in hGH from the pineal gland. A : True B : False
false
An iodine-deficient diet can lead to an enlargement of the thyroid gland called a(an) ___________.
goiter
Which of the following conditions stimulates secretion of glucagon from the pancreas? A : hypoglycemia B : glycogenolysis C : gluconeogenesis D : hyperglycemia
hypoglycemia
The anterior pituitary is derived from an outgrowth of ectoderm called the A : diencephalon B : pharyngeal pouches C : neurohypophyseal bud D : hypophyseal pouch
hypophyseal pouch
The stress response is controlled mainly by which of the following structures? A : hypothalamus B : medulla oblongata C : cerebral cortex D : adrenal glands
hypothalamus
Which of the following endocrine organs are found in the brain? Select all that apply. A : parathyroid glands B : hypothalamus C : pituitary gland D : thymus E : pineal gland
hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland
Which effect does prolonged stress have on the immune system? A immune activity increases slightly B immune activity decreases C immune activity increases D immune activity stays the same
immune activity increases slightly
Which of the following effects can be produced by the hormones from the adrenal medulla? A decrease in blood pressure B constriction of airways in the lungs C increase in heart rate D decrease in strength of heart contraction
increase in heart rate
Which of the following is a direct effect of PTH? A increased calcitriol secretion B decreased osteoclast activity C decreased blood calcium levels D increased digestive absorption of calcium
increased calcitriol secretion
Which of the following hormones is produced by both the testes and ovaries? This is correct answer : A inhibin B testosterone C estrogen D relaxin
inhibin
Which of the following effects occur during the fight-or-flight response? A inhibition of the digestive system B decreased release of renin by the kidneys C decreased blood pressure D stimulation of reproductive activities
inhibition of the digestive system
The pancreas releases _________ more slowly with age.
insulin
Which of the following chemicals can stimulate cortisol release? A : TRH B : GHRH C : IGF D : interleukin-1
interleukin-1
Which is the effect of glucagon on blood glucose level? A it raises glucose levels B it has no effect on glucose levels C it lowers glucose levels D it slightly lowers glucose levels
it raises glucose levels
An increased level of cortisol in the blood would have which effect on the production of CRH by the hypothalamus? A : it would slightly increase CRH production B : it would decrease CRH production C : it would have no effect on CRH production D : it would increase CRH production
it would decrease CRH production
Erythropoietin is produced by the _______.
kidneys
Which of the following hormones stimulates chemotaxis of white blood cells? A : thymopoietin B : leukotrienes C : thymosin D : prostaglandins
leukotrienes
Which of the following hormones is involved in setting the body's biological clock? A : melatonin B : insulin C : cortisol D : ACTH
melatonin
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pinealocytes? A : melatonin B : thymosin C : relaxin D : inhibin
melatonin
Secretion of ___________from the pineal gland ______________ in darkness. A melatonin; increases B serotonin; decreases C melatonin; decreases D serotonin; increases
melatonin; increases
Hormones that stimulate cell division are called _________ substances.
mitogenic
Hyposecretion of a hormone leads to which of the following disorders? A myxedema B Cushing's syndrome C giantism D acromegaly
myxedema
In response to low blood calcium levels, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which functions to increase blood calcium levels. This is an example of which of the following? A positive feedback B More than one choice is correct. C neural control of endocrine function D hormone regulation of endocrine function E negative feedback
negative feedback
The pineal gland consists of masses of secretory cells and ______.
neuroglia
The posterior pituitary gland develops from an outgrowth of ectoderm called the ______________. A neurohypophyseal bud B diverticulum C Rathke's pouch D hypophyseal pouch
neurohypophyseal bud
Which of the following hormones is produced by the cells lining blood vessels? A : histamine B : aldosterone C : serotonin D : nitric oxide
nitric oxide
Another name for noradrenaline is ________.
norepinephrine
The testes and ovaries are best described as __________________________. A not exclusively classified as exocrine glands, but do secrete hormones B not exclusively classified as endocrine glands, but do secrete hormones C exclusively classified as exocrine glands D exclusively classified as endocrine glands
not exclusively classified as endocrine glands, but do secrete hormones
Which of the following is/are true of acromegaly? Select all that apply. A : tetany B : occurs only in adults C : edema D : enlargement of nose, eyelids, and lips E : slowing of bone growth F : thickening of skin on forehead and soles of feet G : thickening of bones in hands and feet
occurs only in adults, enlargement of nose, eyelids, and lips, thickening of skin on forehead and soles of feet, thickening of bones in hands and feet
Which of the following endocrine glands develops from an outgrowth of the foregut? A : adrenal medulla B : pancreas C : adrenal cortex D : thymus
pancreas
Local hormones that act on neighboring cells are called ______________.
paracrines
Which of the following structures produce calcitonin? A : parafollicular cells B : small intestines C : follicular cells D : kidneys
parafollicular cells
Which of the following is part of the anterior pituitary? A pars distalis B pars nervosa C infundibulum D hypothalamus
pars distalis
A(an) effect refers to a situation where one hormone cannot have an effect on the target cell unless the cell is also exposed to a second hormone.
permissive
In some cases, a hormone is unable to have its effect unless the target cell has a simultaneous exposure to a second hormone. Which is the term for this type of effect? A antagonistic B synergistic C symbiotic D permissive
permissive
Benign tumors of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are called .
pheochromocytomas
When cAMP is being used as a second messenger, which will inactivate it? A : adenylate cyclase B : phosphodiesterase C : None of the choices are correct. D : protein kinase
phosphodiesterase
Which of the following are classified as endocrine glands? Select all that apply. A : pineal B : skin C : pituitary D : small intestines E : thyroid F : adrenal G : thymus
pineal, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus
hich of the following secretes a product into the interstitial fluid? A salivary gland B pituitary gland C sebaceous gland D sweat gland
pituitary gland
The release of oxytocin during childbirth is controlled by ________ feedback.
positive
Hormones involved with T cell maturation are secreted by a gland located __________________________. A in the anterior neck B inferior to the epithalamus C posterior to the breastbone D in the pelvic cavity
posterior to the breastbone
With aging, which of the following changes occurs regarding the adrenal glands? Select all that apply. A : produce more cortisol B : produces less aldosterone C : produces more epinephrine D : produces less cortisol E : produces less epinephrine F : produces less norepinephrine
produces less cortisol, produces less aldosterone
Which of the following hormones has a role in enhancing pain? This is correct answer : A prostaglandin B erythropoietin C cortisol
prostaglandin
Which of the following are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome? Select all that apply. A excessive urine production B low blood glucose levels C redistribution of body fat D flushed face E spindly arms and legs F bronzed appearance of skin
redistribution of body fat, flushed face, spindly arms and legs
During pregnancy, which of the following hormones are produced by the ovaries and placenta? A : inhibin B : relaxin C : LH D : FSH
relaxin
In pregnancy, _____________ increase(s) the flexibility of the pubic symphysis joint. A estrogens B progesterone C inhibin D relaxin
relaxin
How does production of epinephrine and norepinephrine change with age? A : decreases B : increases C : remains normal
remains normal
A decrease in blood pressure causes the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney to release the enzyme __________.
renin
Which of the following body systems are regulated by the hormones epinephrine and norephinephrine? Select all that apply. A : respiratory B : integumentary C : reproductive D : muscular E : cardiovascular F : digestive
respiratory, muscular, cardiovascular, digestive
Which is the name of the capillary network in the anterior pituitary that receives blood coming from the hypothalamus? A : primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system B : hypophyseal portal vein C : secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system D : superior hypophyseal artery
secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal system
____________ are cells that produce HGH.
somatotrophs
Which is the term that describes an interaction where two hormones produce greater effects together than either one does alone? A : permissive B : symbiotic C : synergistic D : antagonistic
synergistic
Which of the following is characteristic of the endocrine system? A mediator released only in response to electrical impulse B typical response time is measured in milliseconds C targets cells throughout the body D involves neurotransmitter release
targets cells throughout the body
The male gonads are known as the
testes
Secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla is controlled by which of the following? A : the nervous system B : None of the choices is correct. C : chemical changes in the blood D : other hormones
the nervous system
Which of the following endocrine glands are derived from pharyngeal pouches? Select all that apply. A : pineal B : thymus C : thyroid D : parathyroids E : adrenal cortex
thymus, parathyroids
Which is the only endocrine structure to store a large quantity of the hormone it produces? A hypothalamus B thyroid gland C pancreas D thymus
thyroid gland
Which of the following hormones produced by the endocrine system help to regulate the skeletal system? Select all that apply. A : calcitriol B : thyroid hormones C : hGH D : luteinizing hormone E : IGFs F : calcitonin
thyroid hormones, hGH, IGH's, calcitonin
For which of the following reasons might vitamin D be commonly added to milk or other dairy products? A to keep the food from spoiling B to help people digest the lactose C to increase absorption of calcium D to improve the flavor
to increase absorption of calcium
Aldosterone, ADH, and atrial natriuretic peptide influence which body system? A nervous B digestive C skeletal D urinary
urinary
