Chapter 18-Thermodynamics
The amount of energy ultimately converted to heat by a light bulb is about
100%
A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of
273 degrees C
Entropy is closely related to the
2nd law of thermodynamics
One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is
40 J
An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of
a heat exchange
A quantity of water has more entropy when it is
boiling
When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in
both temperature and internal energy
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the
conservation of energy
Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is
cooler
Sue's refrigerator is built into the wall of her kitchen, so that it exhausts heat to the outdoors rather than into the room. If Sue tries to cool her kitchen by leaving the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will
decrease at least slightly
If a blob of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature
decreases
When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature
decreases
To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is
impossible regardless of the technique used
Adiabatic processes occur
in the atmosphere, oceans and the Earths mantle
If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will
increase
Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will
increase
When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will
increase
As a system becomes more disordered, entropy
increases
If a blob of air at a high elevation sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature
increases
Entropy increases
messiness
Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of
more entropy
The Earth's atmosphere gets most of its hear
near the surface of the Earth
During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas
no heat is supplied to or removed from the gas
When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process
none of these
To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is
possible
A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the internal energy of each doubles
the iron will have the higher temperature
Chinook winds tend to
warm an environment
A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are
warmer than the lower regions of air
The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and the output reservoir for a heat engine, thr
warmer than the lower regions of air.
