Chapter 18-Thermodynamics

The amount of energy ultimately converted to heat by a light bulb is about

100%

A volume of air has a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius. An equal volume of air that is twice as hot has a temperature of

273 degrees C

Entropy is closely related to the

2nd law of thermodynamics

One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is

40 J

An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of

a heat exchange

A quantity of water has more entropy when it is

boiling

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in

both temperature and internal energy

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the

conservation of energy

Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker your lips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is

cooler

Sue's refrigerator is built into the wall of her kitchen, so that it exhausts heat to the outdoors rather than into the room. If Sue tries to cool her kitchen by leaving the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will

decrease at least slightly

If a blob of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature

decreases

When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature

decreases

To wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy is

impossible regardless of the technique used

Adiabatic processes occur

in the atmosphere, oceans and the Earths mantle

If you run a refrigerator in a closed room with the refrigerator door open, the room temperature will

increase

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will

increase

When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will

increase

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

increases

If a blob of air at a high elevation sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature

increases

Entropy increases

messiness

Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of

more entropy

The Earth's atmosphere gets most of its hear

near the surface of the Earth

During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas

no heat is supplied to or removed from the gas

When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process

none of these

To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is

possible

A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the internal energy of each doubles

the iron will have the higher temperature

Chinook winds tend to

warm an environment

A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are

warmer than the lower regions of air

The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir and the output reservoir for a heat engine, thr

warmer than the lower regions of air.