Module 8 Quiz: Blood, Lymphatic System, and Immunity

Phillip is told he has Type A blood. Which antibodies does he have in his plasma? Which antigens does he have on his RBCs? Could he donate blood to a Type AB recipient? Why or why not? Could he receive blood from a Type AB donor? Why or why not?

He has antibody A in his plasma. He has antigens A and AB in his RBC. He could give his blood to AB recipient and he can not receive from AB.

This is the ratio of red blood cells to plasma, and normally is around 45%.

Hematocrit

As long as the epidermis is unbroken, the skin provides an excellent barrier to most microorganisms. Which one of the following features does NOT apply to the epidermis?

Highly vascularized

If a tissue is not getting enough oxygen for whatever reason, it is suffering from what?

Hypoxia

Which antibody is found in the membranes of B-cells where it forms the antigen receptors on the cell surface?

IgD

Which antibody binds to mast cells and basophils causing them to release histamine and other chemicals that play roles in inflammation and allergy?

IgE

Which one of the following is a feature of passive immunity?

Immunity effective immediately

Which of the following is a defense mechanism whose purpose is to localize and eliminate the cause of injury and any damaged cells to allow the body to heal?

Inflammatory response

Chemicals released by infected cells that act as chemical messengers to protect uninfected tissue from viral takeover and mobilize the immune system refer to which of the following answer choices?

Interferons

List the four characteristics of the adaptive immune response.

It involves B and T-lymphocytes It is specific It is systemic It has memory

Rh-negative blood can donate to Rh-negative or Rh-positive blood types but can only receive from other Rh-negative types.

True

This blood type has no antibodies, so it is unable to react against other blood types.

Type AB

This blood type has no antigens on the erythrocytes, so other blood types do not react against it.

Type O

The primary lymphatic organs function as sites of lymphocyte ___.

Formation and maturation

Helper T cells (CD4)

facilitate

Natural Killer (NK) cells

form

Cytokines

influence

Red cell transfusion

iron deficiency

Macrophages

leukocytes

Plasma transfusion

liver failure

Platelets are pinched off from giant cells in the red bone marrow called _______.

megakaryocytes

The cells that develop during the initial immune response and are responsible for the secondary response are the __________.

memory B-cells

Macrophages are derived from ________.

monocytes

Platelet transfusion

not clotting

The process by which cells engulf and destroy foreign matter and cellular debris is called __________.

phagocytosis

Interstitial fluid will cause a potentially harmful drop in blood __________ if enough is not returned to the cardiovascular system.

pressure

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

provide

The first line of defense in the immune system consists of ____________.

skin & mucous membranes

Whole blood transfusion

trauma or surgery

Afferent lymphatic vessels carry _____________lymph fluid entering _________lymph nodes.

unfiltered into

The intestinal mucosa is covered with finger-like projections called _____________ containing blood capillaries and special lymph capillaries, called ______________ , in their centers.

villi lacteals

List the 4 steps of the lab simulation.

1. Add blood to each well 2. Add each test solution to its corresponding well 3. Record reactions in your worksheet 4. Record the patients blood type in your worksheet

What is the normal pH of blood?

7.4

A. Define a blood transfusion. B. Provide two reasons why a person might receive a blood transfusion. C. Where does the blood from a transfusion come from?

A blood transfusion is when someone's blood is no longer healthy and they need some healthy blood. They could need one because they lost lots of blood due to surgery or trauma. They could also need one because they have an infection in their blood. It comes from a generous donor.

Which plasma protein contributes to the osmotic pressure of the blood acting to keep water in the bloodstream, thus maintaining blood volume which affects blood pressure?

Albumin

Red blood cells

All of the choices are correct.

Type B blood contains which antibodies?

Anti-A

What term describes Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to foreign substances?

Antibodies

List the 5 lab material items used in this lab simulation.

Blood Anti-A solution Anti-B solution Anti-Rh solution Wells or tray

Your blood type is based on the presence or absence of two antigens on the ___________ of the red blood cells.

Cell membrane

Dendritic cells

Cells

Which one of the following statements is NOT true regarding Type AB blood?

Contains anti-A and anti-B

Which ability of leukocytes allows them to enter and exit blood vessels as needed?

Diapedesis

Which ability of leukocytes allows them to move through the tissue spaces to reach the infection site?

Diapedesis

Which of the following statements is true regarding antigens?

Disease-causing antigens are called pathogens.

Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of cell mediated immunity?

Effective against intracellular pathogens

What is another name for red blood cells?

Erythrocytes

Which one of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

It produces blood cells during fetal life.

Which lymphatic organ has a primary function of inspecting and filtering lymph of foreign matter, including antigens?

Lymph nodes

Which leukocytes play a role in the inflammatory response and will increase in number during allergic reactions?

Monocytes

Neutrophils

Most

Which one of the following body cavities is NOT lined with mucous membranes?

Muscular system

Lymphocytes that recognize and destroy abnormal body cells is a description of which type of cell?

NK cells

Identify the cells at the arrow.

Neutrophils

Which type of cell is NOT part of the lymphatic system?

Neutrophils

Is blood ever blue in normal conditions?

No

Type ____ blood is the universal donor, while Type ____ blood is the universal recipient.

O, AB

_______ are the effector cells responsible for producing huge numbers of antibodies during the primary immune response.

Plasma B-cells

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation and what causes them?

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Cellular & chemical defenses and the inflammatory response apply to which one of the following?

Second line of defense

The two main lymphatic ducts drain lymphatic fluid into the bloodstream through what two veins?

Subclavian and internal jugular

Monica is a young mother with Rh-negative blood. During her first pregnancy, she received no prenatal care. Erica, her first child, was born 3 years ago, has Rh-positive blood, and is a healthy child. Monica is now pregnant with her second child. Please respond to each question below in 1-2 complete sentences using your best grammar. What complication is possible if her second baby also has Rh-positive blood? What happens during this second pregnancy that causes this complication? What should have been done during her first pregnancy to avoid this complication? Why did Monica's first child not have this complication? What disease might result from this complication?

The baby's Rh-positive could cross into the mother's Rh-negative blood. Her body will see it as a threat and start making antibodies. It could happen in the second pregnancy because her body will have already started making the antibodies from the first pregnancy. She should have been given a drug called Rh immunoglobulin to prevent her body from making the antibodies. Her first child did not have this complication because it happens more in the second pregnancy. The baby could get hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Discuss lymphatic drainage into the bloodstream.

The lymphatic system processes the fluid that comes from capillaries and cells. It then returns to the bloodstream.

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.

Why is it easy for fluid to enter the lymphatic capillary but difficult for it to leave?

The overlapping endothelial cells create "flaps" in the lymphatic capillary walls.

Erythrocytes and leukocytes are structurally and functionally different. Provide 5 statements that discuss these differences.

There are more red blood cells than white blood cells Erythrocytes don't have nucleus Erythrocytes have very few organelles Erythrocytes are biconcave disc shaped

Describe the method used by Natural Killer cells to destroy abnormal body cells.

They don't require specific antigens so they can respond immediately.

Which one of the following does NOT apply to nonspecific immunity?

Third line of defense

Which lymphatic organ has a primary function of the processing and maturation of T-lymphocytes or T-cells into immunocompetent cells?

Thymus gland

Lymphatic circulation maintains the fluid balance between what two items?

Tissues and blood vessels

Which one of the following is NOT a main function of the spleen?

To develop immature lymphocytes into immunocompetent cells

Complement system

activating

It is essential to note which blood type is the donor and which blood type is the recipient when assessing transfusions. The donor________ and the recipient __________must be compatible.

antigens antibodies

Neutralization

binding

The genes for the Rh factor and the ABO blood group are located on different ___.

chromosomes

Opsonization

coating

Blood is a type of ________tissue.

connective

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

destroy

Swelling caused by the flow of excess fluid into tissues is called ____.

edema

Macrophages and natural killer cells

enables