MGMT 478 Exam 1 - Spring 2019

One of your employees, Quanita, is loyal, highly committed and tends to get the job done. She is likely high on the ____ trait of the conscientiousness dimension?

Dependability

According to Mintzberg's managerial roles, signing official documents is the activity of a person who is in what role?

Figurehead role

Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT:

Leadership theory classifications are trait, behavioral, contingency, and integrative.

At the conventional level of moral development, which of the following motivate(s) behavior?

Living up to expectations of acceptable behavior defined by others motivates behavior to fulfill duties and obligations. It is common for followers to copy the behavior of the leaders and group.

________________________ refers to understanding right from wrong and choosing to do the right thing.

Moral development

Of the Big Five personality dimensions, the highest correlation with leadership is:

Surgency

A manager from a prestigious university believed that employees who were from "lesser schools" lacked sufficient intelligence and motivation for the high-tech firm that she led. She set goals for these employees low, and did not trust them with certain important tasks or company information. Over time, the employees started to exhibit behaviors consistent with the manager's beliefs and actions. They tended to show dissatisfaction and low performance. At length, many of them quit. This would be an example of:

The Pygmalion Effect

As a leader, you know that your expectations and treatment of your employees influence and can predict how they will behave, how they will perform. This indicates that you know about ____________________.

The Pygmalion Effect

Why study leadership?

The better you can work with people, the more successful you will be in both your personal and professional lives.

Leaders at the postconventional level of moral development tend to:

The common leadership style is visionary and committed to serving others and a higher cause while empowering followers to reach this level.

Which of the following is NOT one of the questions of the four-way test?

The four questions are: - Is it the truth? - Is it fair to all concerned? - Will it build goodwill and better friendship? - Will it be beneficial to all concerned?

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines to developing a more positive attitude and self-concept?

The guidelines are: 1. Realize that there are few, if any, benefits to negative, pessimistic attitudes about others and yourself. 2. Consciously try to have and maintain a positive, optimistic attitude 3. Cultivate optimistic thoughts. 4. If you catch yourself complaining or being negative in any way, stop and change to a positive attitude. 5. Avoid negative people, especially those who make you feel negative about yourself. 6. Set and achieve goals. 7. Focus on your success; don't dwell on failure. 8. Don't belittle accomplishments or compare yourself to others. 9. Accept compliments. 10. Be a positive role model. 11. When things go wrong and you're feeling down. do something to help someone who is worse off than you.

The ____ leadership theory paradigm emphasizes the importance of situational factors.

contingency

A successful sales manager was promoted to being CEO of a large conglomerate. Shortly afterward, the manager decided that her style of leadership was inappropriate, and altered the way that she practiced leading. This is an example of:

contingency leadership paradigm, since she decided a different style of leadership would be better for this situation.

Taking corrective action when necessary, allocating resources, and negotiating routine and nonroutine transactions are all examples of Mintzberg's _________ managerial role category.

decisional

"We all take office supplies home" is an example of:

diffusion of responsibility

The process of blaming one's unethical behavior on others is known as:

displacement of responsibility

Behavioral leadership theories attempt to explain:

distinctive styles used by effective leaders, or to define the nature of their work.

The ______ trait affects all the other traits related to effective leaders.

dominance

The individual level of analysis which focuses on the leader's relationship with individual followers is also called the __________ process.

dyadic

Leaders perform the __________ role when they represent the organization or department in legal, social, ceremonial, and symbolic activities.

figurehead

One of the most common criticisms of management education is the tendency to:​

focus on teaching of theory but not on the application of theory to practice.

Evidence-based management (EBM), on which your textbook is based, refers to basing theories and concepts on

scientific research

Because we all want to view ourselves in a positive manner, when we use unethical behavior, we often justify the behavior to protect our _________________ so that we don't have to feel bad.

self-concept

Which of the following is an example of a spokesperson role?

providing information to people outside the organizational unit

Which of the following statements regarding managers and leaders is NOT true?

- "Manager" is an occupational title, a formal position of authority - A leader has the ability to influence others - The overarching paradigm has shifted from management to leadership - Successful managers use a participative form of leadership

Which of the following statements regarding emotional intelligence (EI) is TRUE?

- Ability to work well with others - EQ (emotional quotient) is used to identify future leaders - Includes self awareness, social awareness, self management, and relationship management

As a leader or manager, it is important for you to know what influences ethical and unethical behavior. Which of the following is NOT likely to encourage unethical behavior?

- Highly competitive and unsupervised situations increase the odds of unethical behavior - Unethical behavior occurs more often when there is no formal ethics policy or code of ethics (people are more unethical when they believe they won't get caught or punished) - Unethical behavior is also more likely when performance falls below aspiration levels.

The three levels of analysis of leadership theory are:

- Individual - Group - Organizational

The three levels of analysis of leadership theory include all of the following EXCEPT:

- Individual - Group - Organizational

Which of the following is a managerial role category?

- Interpersonal roles - Informational roles - Decisional roles

Which of the following is one of Mintzberg's informational leadership roles?

- Monitor - Disseminator - Spokesperson

Which of the following statements regarding personality is NOT true?

- Personality is a combination of traits that classifies an individual's behavior - Developed based on genetics and environmental factors - Personality affects people's behavior as well as perception and attitude - Personality and traits are not the same thing

Successful leaders need these three managerial leadership skills:

- Technical skills - Interpersonal skills - Decision-making skills

The interrelationship among the levels of leadership analysis is true for all the following EXCEPT:

- The diagram shows a triangle with Individual as the bottom and Group and Organizational as the two sides. - The Individual supports Group and Organizational performance, and they all affect each other.

Which of the following is NOT a belief of David McClelland?

- The need for achievement - The need for power - The need for affiliation

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the levels of analysis of leadership theory?

- a useful way to classify leadership theory and research - most leadership theories are formulated in terms of processes at only one level of these three levels

The leader-follower relationship represents the influence:

- between leaders and followers, not just a leader influencing followers. - typically understood to take place where leaders and followers share a formal group membership, and leadership is important as more organizations structure work around teamwork

In examining differences between managers and leaders, leaders

- focus on doing the right thing - place greater concern on innovation and change

Which of the following is an example of a figurehead role?

- representing the organization or department in legal, social, ceremonial, and symbolic activities - signing official documents - entertaining clients or customers as official representatives and receiving/escorting official visitors, - informally talking to people and attending outside meetings as an organizational representative - presiding at meetings and ceremonial events

Evidence-based management (EBM) is an application of:

- theory into workplace behavior

Which of the following statements regarding leaders and managers is NOT true?

- we do not use the term leader and manager interchangeably - leadership is part of a manager's job - manager- a person who has a formal title and authority - leader- a person who may be either a manager or a non-manager and has the ability to influence others

The three levels of moral development are:

1. Postconventional 2. Conventional 3. Preconventional

Self-confidence is best categorized as the ____ Big Five dimension.

Adjustment

____ are positive or negative feelings about people, things, and issues.

Attitudes

Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality dimension?

Big Five dimensions: - Surgency, Agreeableness, Adjustment, Consciencessness, Openness

For Henry Mintzberg, a leader handling a disturbance is illustrative of __________________________.

Disturbance-Handler role

Emotional intelligence includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Emotional intelligence includes: - Self awareness - Social awareness - Self management - Relationship management

Your leader has asked you to design a new performance evaluation system. Designing the system is an example of which of Mintzberg's managerial roles?

Entrepreneur role

Managers with Theory X attitudes tend to:

Have a negative, pessimistic view of employees and display more coercive, autocratic leadership styles using external means of controls, such as threats and punishments.

The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) includes a:

High need for power, which is socialized, that is greater than the need for affiliation and with a moderate need for achievement

The process of reinterpreting immoral behavior as justification for its occurrence is known as:

Higher purpose (this might also be moral justification or rationalizing)

___________ is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through change.

Influencing

Which of the following is the best predictor of job performance?

Intelligence

Henry Mintzberg identified ten managerial roles that he grouped into three categories. These three categories are:​

Interpersonal, informational, and decisional

Lower-level managers at the conventional level of moral development tend to:

It is common for lower-level managers to use a similar leadership style of the higher-level managers.

All of the following affect ethical behavior EXCEPT:

Personality traits and attitudes, moral development, and the situation all affect ethical behavior.

Which of the following is NOT a major reason for executive derailment?

Reasons they ARE derailed: - They used a bullying style viewed as intimidating, insensitive, and abrasive - They were viewed as being cold, afoof, and arrogant - They betrayed personal trust - They were self-centered and viewed as overly ambitious and thinking of the next job - They had specific performance problems with the business - They overmanaged and were unable to delegate or build a team

____ is dependent on the other three EI approaches.

Relationship management

Which of the following is NOT one of Mintzberg's interpersonal leadership roles?

Roles: - Leader - Figurehead - Liaison

The four-way test:

Rotary International developed the four way test of the things we think and do to guide business transactions.

Which of the following legislative acts helps protect whistleblowers?

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

_____________ refers to the positive or negative attitudes people have about themselves.

Self-concept

_____________ is the belief in one's capability to perform in a specific situation.

Self-efficacy

At the preconventional level of moral development, which of the following motivate(s) behavior?

Self-interest motivates behavior to meet one's own needs to gain rewards while following rules and being obedient to authority to avoid punishment.

The key elements in the definition of leadership include all of the following EXCEPT

The key elements are: - Leader-followers - Influence - Organizational objectives - People - Change

"If you want something done right, do it yourself" is an example of ____ attitudes.

Theory X

If the leader typically is bossy, pushy, and impatient; does much criticizing with little praising; and is very autocratic, the leader is displaying a:

Theory X Attitude, positive self-concept

"If the manager is not around, employees will work just as hard" is an example of ____ attitudes.

Theory Y

If the leader typically is afraid to make decisions, is unassertive, and is self-blaming when things go wrong, the leader is displaying a:

Theory Y Attitude, negative self-concept

Which of the following is NOT a trait of an effective leader?

Traits of effective leaders: - Dominance, Extroversion, Energy/Determination, Sociability/Sensitivity, Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Stability and Narcissism, Self-Confidence, Dependability, Integrity, Flexibility, Intelligence, Locus of Control

Levels of analysis constitute:

a useful way of classifying leadership theory.

Emotional intelligence is related to which of the following Big Five personality dimensions?

agreeableness

Unethical behavior is more likely to occur in people who:

are emotionally unstable people with external locus of control

Mintzberg's ten managerial roles is an example of:

behavioral leadership theory

Early leadership studies were based on the assumption that leaders are:

born, not made

The Leader Motive Profile (LMP) defines which motive as the highest need for leaders?

high need for power

The _____________ level of analysis can also be called the dyadic process.

individual

The individual level of analysis of leadership theory focuses on the individual leader and the relationship with:​

individual followers

The eclectic approach to leadership theory, which utilizes and combines insights from previous approaches, is:

integrative leadership theory

A leadership theory

is an explanation of some aspect of leadership; theories have practical value because they are used to better understand, predict, and control successful leadership.

Contingency leadership theories attempt to explain the appropriate leadership style based on the:

leader, followers, and situation

The leadership paradigm that assumes leaders are born, not made, is ____ theory.

leadership trait

In your position, you serve on committees with people from outside of your organizational units and attend professional meetings. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of _______________.

liaison

Evidence-based management

means that decisions and organizational practices are based on the best available scientific evidence.

High n Pow is categorized as the Big Five dimension of ____.

surgency

Most employees are promoted to their first management position primarily because of their _____________ skills.

technical

To be a successful leader, you need three managerial leadership skills, one of which is ________ skill, which involves the ability to use methods and techniques to perform a task.

technical

Ethics is defined as

the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior

____ and ____ leadership theories are also called universal theories.

trait and behavioral