Chapter 19

Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika, or reform, involved a. negotiating peace with enemy nations. b. reducing the Soviet Union's nuclear arsenal. c. adopting elements of a free-market economy. d. opening the Soviet Union to international diplomacy.

Adopting elements of a free-market economy

Which country did the Soviet Union invade in 1979? a. Lebanon c. Afghanistan b. Nicaragua d. Iran

Afghanistan

What effect did President Reagan expect his economic policies to have on America? a. The national government would take in more money and spend more on welfare and education. b. Deficits would increase, causing cuts to future defense spending. c. Industries would be deregulated but pollution would likely decrease. d. Americans would have more money to spend and save because taxes were lowered.

Americans would have more money to spend and save because taxes were lowered

What had Ronald Reagan been before he entered politics? a. a farmer c. an actor b. a writer d. a factory worker

An actor

What South African policy barred voting by the nonwhite majority? a. apartheid c. glasnost b. sanctions d. westernization

Apartheid

How did Presidents George H. W. Bush and Clinton respond to Chinese protests in the late 1980s and 1990s, such as the one seen in this photo? a. Neither President reacted publically to the protests. b. Both Presidents attended the protests to show their support for freedom in China. c. Both Presidents imposed sanctions against China when that nation violently crushed the protests. d. Both Presidents publicly condemned China's human rights violations but neither took direct action against China.

Both Presidents publicly condemned China's human rights violations but neither took direct action against China

The people who supported Ronald Reagan's bid for the presidency most likely also supported a. new federal programs. b. liberal social values. c. fiscal responsibility. d. increased spending.

fiscal responsibility

During Reagan's second term, United States relations with the Soviet Union a. broke down completely. b. improved. c. grew increasingly cold. d. did not change.

improved

President Clinton was impeached on charges of a. fraud and tax evasion b. embezzlement c. insider trading d. perjury and obstruction of justice

perjury and obstruction of justice

To deal with the recession of the early 1990s, President Bush agreed to a. increase vastly the federal bureaucracy. b. raise new taxes as part of a deficit-reduction plan. c. increase spending for social programs. d. nominate Clarence Thomas to head the Department of the Treasury.

raise new taxes as part of a deficit0reduction plan

Based on this chart, which part of the world has the largest supplies of oil? a. North America c. Asia b. South America d. the Middle East

the Middle East

Which Bush Administration policy goal is best reflected in the arrest of Manuel Noriega in Panama? a. increasing the amount of imported goods from Latin America b. increasing democratic elections in Central American nations c. decreasing the supply of illegal drugs in the United States d. decreasing the number of illegal immigrants from Latin America

Decreasing the supply of illegal drugs in the United States

The Persian Gulf War was triggered by a. the desire to bring democracy to nations in the Middle East. b. Iraqs threat to Israel. c. fears that Iraq's annexation of Kuwait would threaten world oil supplies. d. the expansion of al Qaeda.

Fears that Iraq's annexation of Kuwait would threaten world oil supplies

Which of the following occurred during the Reagan administration? a. Watergate c. the Iranian hostage crisis b. the Iran-Contra affair d. the Persian Gulf War

Iran-Contra affair

Which country did the United States and other nations force out of Kuwait in 1991? a. Iran c. Saudi Arabia b. Iraq d. Syria

Iraq

As a result of the Persian Gulf War of 1991 a. Saddam Hussein was ousted from power. b. the UN lifted its sanctions on Iraq. c. Colin Powell retired from politics. d. Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait.

Iraq was forced to withdraw from Kuwait

Shortly after World War II, Jews formed the state of a. Palestine. c. Jordan. b. Arabia. d. Israel.

Israel

The Brady Bill, signed by Bill Clinton in 1993, did which of the following? a. It raised taxes for the very wealthy. b. It kept known criminals from buying guns. c. It expanded tax credits for higher education. d. It provided for a national health care system.

It kept known criminals from buying guns

Under Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet Union a. experienced increased economic growth and stability. b. lost interest in supporting unpopular Communist leaders in Eastern Europe. c. crushed democratic revolts in Poland. d. launched attacks on rebels in Afghanistan.

Lost interest in supporting unpopular Communist leaders in Eastern Europe

The Reagan administration rapidly increased spending on a. social programs. b. support of the Soviet Union. c. the American military. d. enlargement of the federal government.

The American military

What nickname was given to Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative? a. Contra Wars c. Soviet Wars b. Star Wars d. Sky Wars

"Star Wars"

American intervention in Lebanon ended after a. order was restored in the nation. b. a brutal attack against American forces. c. it was determined that war was imminent. d. the Lebanese government asked the U.S. military to leave.

A brutal attack against American forces

Study the chart and then choose which cause a liberal would be most likely to support a. private ownership of oil wells and mines b. sending troops to other countries to stop violence c. lowering taxes for all citizens regardless of income d. a national healthcare system for all citizens

A national healthcare system for all citizens

Based on the excerpt, what was Bill Clinton's opinion of the state of affairs in the United States when he was elected President in 1992? ". . . the urgent question of our time is whether we can make change our friend and not our enemy. . . . when most people are working harder for less; when others cannot work at all; when the cost of health care devastates families and threatens to bankrupt our enterprises, great and small; when the fear of crime robs law-abiding citizens of their freedom; and when millions of poor children cannot even imagine the lives we are calling them to lead, we have not made change our friend." —President Bill Clinton, inaugural address, January 20, 1993 a. Clinton thought that healthcare reform and other changes were necessary in the United States. b. Clinton thought that poverty less of a problem than the standard of living in the middle class. c. Clinton thought that the people of the United States should prepare for hard times and mutual sacrifice. d. Clinton thought that the United States would continue its years of prosperity and economic well-being.

Clinton thought that healthcare reform and other changes were necessary in the United States

In 1992, Bill Clinton campaigned on the idea that government was important but should be more efficient in order to attract both a. liberal and Democratic voters. b. conservative and liberal voters. c. independent and conservative voters. d. liberal and independent voters.

Conservative and liberal voters

Conservatives criticized the New Deal and the Great Society for having a. succeeded in ending poverty in the United States. b. expanded the size of the federal government. c. put too much power into the hands of state governments. d. encouraged the growth of big business.

Expanded the size of the federal government

Based on the following quotation, which of the following best reflects Ronald Reagan's political views? "Government is not the solution to our problems, government is the problem." —Ronald Reagan, inaugural address, 1981 a. He wanted American citizens to return to traditional values. b. He believed that many problems we face could not be solved. c. He wanted the government to focus on expanding its relief programs. d. He believed that the government had gained too much power and did not use it well.

He believed that the government had gained too much power and did not use it well.

What did Reagan say was his involvement in the Iran-Contra deal? a. He said he had both planned and approved it. b. He said he had approved it but not planned it. c. He said he had objected to it. d. He said he had no knowledge of it.

He said he had no knowledge of it

What did Bill Clinton mean when he described himself as a "New Democrat?" a. He would steer a middle course between liberalism and conservatism. b. He would avoid conservative policies. c. He would avoid liberal policies. d. He would start a new political party.

He would steer a middle course between liberalism and conservatism

In December 1998, the House of Representatives voted to a. invest the budget surplus in the stock market. b. overhaul welfare. c. reform public education. d. impeach Bill Clinton.

Impeach Bill Clinton

In the text you read this about President Reagan's military buildup: Reagan supported this massive military buildup, in part, because he did not believe that the Soviet Union could afford to spend as much on defense as the United States could. Reagan felt this applied particularly to the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a proposed program in which land and space-based lasers would destroy any missiles aimed at the United States before they could reach their targets. Some dubbed the missile program "Star Wars," after the popular science-fiction movie trilogy, and claimed that it was unrealistic. What did President Reagan believe would be a result of the Strategic Defense Iniatiative? a. It would lead to a concession on behalf of the Soviet Union. b. It would lead to the Soviet Union invading fewer countries. c. It would lead to democracy being adopted in the Soviet Union. d. It would lead to the Soviet Union being economically bankrupt.

It would lead to the Soviet Union being economically bankrupt

"Last Friday, Noriega declared his military dictatorship to be in a state of war with the United States and publicly threatened the lives of Americans. . . The very next day, forces under his command shot and killed an unarmed American serviceman; wounded another; arrested and brutally beat a third American serviceman; and then brutally interrogated his wife, threatening her with sexual abuse. That was enough. General Noriega's reckless threats and attacks upon Americans . . . created an imminent danger to the 35,000 American citizens. . . . As President, I have no higher obligation than to safeguard the lives of American citizens. And that is why I directed our Armed Forces to protect the lives of American citizens . . . and to bring General Noriega to justice in the United States."—George H.W. Bush, December 20, 1989 In this address, President Bush is a. explaining why Panama has declared war on the United States. b. promising to arrest General Noriega. c. describing the problems of drug-trafficking. d. justifying the U.S. invasion of Panama.

Justifying the U.S. invasion of Panama

Which of these was NOT a Reagan policy? a. increasing military spending c. government deregulation b. raising taxes d. trimming social programs

Raising taxes

Judging from this excerpt from his speech in Berlin, what was the most important reason why President Reagan wanted Russian President Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall? "General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" —President Ronald Reagan, Brandenburg Gate, June 12, 1987 a. Reagan wanted East Germans to be able to do business in West Germany. b. Reagan believed tearing down the wall would be an important step toward world peace. c. Reagan thought tearing down the wall would lead to a peaceful merging of communist and democratic systems in Europe. d. Reagan thought tearing down the Berlin Wall would help maintain international stability.

Reagan believed tearing down the wall would be an important step toward world peace

According to the data in the charts, which statement is most likely true about the 1984 election? a. Reagan won a larger number of conservative states than Mondale did. b. A larger percentage of Reagan supporters voted in the election than Mondale supporters. c. Many independent voters cast their votes for Reagan rather than third-party candidates. d. Reagan carried a majority of the states with high populations.

Reagan carried a majority of the states with high populations

The decision to intervene in the Balkans and Haiti were two examples of a larger debate over a. the ability of the President as commander-in-chief to authorize use of force. b. the role of the American military during the Cold War. c. funding for the Defense Department after the fall of the Soviet Union. d. respecting the political autonomy of other nations.

Respecting the political autonomy of other nations

"It's morning again in America. In a town not too far from where you live, a young family has just moved into a new home. . . . Right down the street one of the neighbors has just bought himself a new car, with all the options. The factory down the river is working again. . . . Life is better, America is back. And people have a sense of pride they never felt they'd feel again." This text appeared in a political commercial for a. Ronald Reagan's first presidential campaign. b. George H. W. Bush's first presidential campaign. c. Bill Clinton's first presidential campaign. d. Ronald Reagan's reelection campaign.

Ronald Reagan's reelection campaign

What important milestone was achieved by the person shown in the photo during Ronald Reagan's presidency? a. Sandra Day O'Connor was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court. b. Sandra Day O'Connor was the first immigrant to serve on the Supreme Court. c. Sandra Day O'Connor was the first defender of suspected criminals to serve on the Supreme Court. d. Sandra Day O'Connor was the first person to serve on the Supreme Court and in the Senate at the same time.

Sandra Day O'Connor was the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court

The conservative agenda included all of the following except a. social programs for the poor. b. emphasis on traditional values. c. a strong stance against communism. d. lower taxes and less regulation of business.

Social programs for the poor

Which trend best explains the increasing popularity of the Moral Majority in the early 1980s? a. increased spending associated with Great Society programs b. increased opposition to U.S. military deployments after Vietnam c. the perceived decline of what many considered traditional family values d. the decline in the number of U.S. citizens who vote in federal elections

The perceived decline of what many considered traditional family values

"It took 8 years and two vetoes to make this legislation the law of the land. Now millions of our people will no longer have to choose between their jobs and their families. The law guarantees the right of up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year when it's urgently needed at home to care for a newborn child or an ill family member. This bill will strengthen our families, and I believe it will strengthen our businesses and our economy as well."—Bill Clinton, February 5, 1993 President Clinton gave these remarks upon signing which act into law? a. the Welfare Reform Act b. the Healthcare Reform Act c. the Defense of Marriage Act d. the Family Medical Leave Act

The Family Medical Leave Act

In what way does this image represent a source of financial burden caused by the Cold War? a. The United States and the Soviet Union worked together on expensive space exploration programs. b. The United States and the Soviet Union both spent billions of dollars to build the "Star Wars" defense systems in space. c. The United States and the Soviet Union both spent billions of dollars on defense, as the Cold War came to include military competition in space. d. The United States and the Soviet Union both launched expensive missiles into space to test the other country's defense systems.

The United States and the Soviet Union both launched expensive missiles into space to test the other country's defense system

"If history teaches anything, it teaches self-delusion in the face of unpleasant facts is folly. We see around us today the marks of our terrible dilemma—predictions of doomsday, antinuclear demonstrations, an arms race in which the West must, for its own protection, be an unwilling participant. At the same time we see totalitarian forces in the world who seek subversion and conflict around the globe to further their barbarous assault on the human spirit. What, then, is our course? Must civilization perish in a hail of fiery atoms? Must freedom wither in a quiet, deadening accommodation with totalitarian evil?"—Ronald Reagan, June 8, 1982 The purpose of this excerpt from President Reagan's famous "Evil Empire" speech is to urge that a. the Cold War arms race must come to an end. b. the United States must work with the Soviet Union to find common ground. c. totalitarian regimes accept negotiations with the West. d. the United States must stand up to the brutal regime in the U.S.S.R.

The United States must stand up to the brutal regime in the U.S.S.R

What policies likely contributed to the trend in U.S. trade with South Africa, shown in the graphic below, during the late 1980s? a. the United States' anti-apartheid sanctions against South Africa b. other nations' reduction of business with South Africa c. increasing taxes imposed by the United States on all foreign trade d. an embargo against South Africa that had negative economic effects on North America

The United States' anti-apartheid sanctions against South Africa

What action or event led to the end of the Cold War a. the signing of a treaty to destroy short-range and intermediate-range nuclear missiles b. the agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union to stop spending money on weapons c. the break up of the Soviet Union d. the creation of a democratic government in the Soviet Union

The break up of the Soviet Union

Congressional legislation that reduces government regulation of automobile production in the United States stems from a. the conservative belief that limiting regulation will promote economic growth. b. the conservative belief that regulation will increase consumer confidence in automobiles. c. the liberal belief that regulation will decrease tax revenue over time. d. the liberal belief that limiting regulation will increase consumer spending.

The conservative belief that limiting regulation will promote economic growth.

"Your generation is living in one of the most exciting times in [history]. It is a time when the first breath of freedom stirs the air and the heart beats to the accelerated rhythm of hope, when the accumulated spiritual energies of a long silence yearn to break free. . . . We do not know what the conclusion of this journey will be, but we're hopeful that the promise of reform will be fulfilled . . . leading to a new world of reconciliation, friendship, and peace."—Ronald Reagan, May 31, 1988 The language that Ronald Reagan used in this speech to students from the Soviet Union makes it clear that he's talking about a. the end of Soviet operations in Afghanistan. b. the successes of the Republican party in the United States. c. the end of totalitarian repression in the U.S.S.R. d. the intensification of the Cold War.

The end of totalitarian repression in the U.S.S.R

"This is the issue of this election, whether we believe in our capacity for self-government or whether we abandon the American Revolution and confess that a little intellectual elite in a far-distant capital can plan our lives for us better than we can plan them ourselves."— Ronald Reagan, "A Time for Choosing" Reagan made this statement a. to support the policies of the New Deal. b. to oppose the power of the federal government. c. to oppose local government. d. to call for more federal regulations.

To oppose the power of the federal government

Judging from the map, which of the following most accurately describes the attitude American voters had at the time of the election of 1980? a. Voters in most states were tired of failed policies and wanted change. b. Voters across the country strongly supported President Carter's policies. c. Democratic voters in many states switched their vote to a third party candidate. d. Voters supported Ronald Reagan because of his plans to continue Carter's policies.

Voters in most states were tired of failed policies and wanted change

President Reagan's decision to fire federal air traffic controllers who were on strike is an example of a. his desire to increase the efficiency of federal programs. b. his desire to increase federal defense spending. c. his support of the rights of business over labor. d. his support of deregulating transportation industries

his support of the rights of business over labor