chapter 19
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.
their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens
Bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of __________.
thrombocytopenia
Which disease state would be characterized by a concentration of up to 1,000,000 platelets/µL in the plasma?
thrombocytosis
Which of the following factors does NOT restrict the coagulation process?
thromboxane A2
Which of the following is NOT a function of albumin?
transporting iron
What is the most common blood type among Americans?
type O
Which blood type can be safely transfused into a person with type O blood without a cross-reaction?
type O blood given to a person with type O blood
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
viscosity about the same as water.
Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?
vitamin B12 deficiency
Reticulocytes account for about __________ percent of the erythrocyte population in the blood.
1
Normal hemoglobin concentrations are in the range of __________ g/dL.
12-18
Lymphocytes account for __________ percent of circulating white blood cells.
20-30
A normal hematocrit is in the range of __________.
37-54
The average life span of a red blood cell is
4 months.
The most abundant component of plasma is (are)
water
Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight.
7
An individual with type AB blood has __________ antigens and __________ antibodies.
A and B; no
If Misty is type A and needs to receive transfusions of blood during a surgery, which blood type(s) could she receive?
A and O
The bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is __________ than that of fetal hemoglobin and oxygen.
weaker than
The process of hemostasis includes which of the following?
All of the listed responses are correct. coagulation phase vascular phase platelet phase
The binding of a heme unit's iron ion to an oxygen ion __________.
All of the listed responses are correct. is a reversible binding will be broken when oxygen reaches systemic tissues, so that oxygen can enter body cells forms oxyhemoglobin
The platelet phase includes which of the following?
All of the listed responses are correct. platelet plug formation platelet adhesion platelet aggregation
A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________.
B positive
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
an increase in red blood cell production. a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. a rise in hematocrit. the release of erythropoietin. All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?
antibodies
Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?
basophil
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
blood flow to the kidney declines.
Syneresis refers to the process of __________.
clot retraction
The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________.
conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
coordination of body system responses
Eosinophils function in
destroying antibody-labeled antigens.
Endothelial cells release ________ that stimulate smooth muscle contraction and accelerate the repair process.
endothelins
Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation.
erythrocytes
Which blood cells are the most abundant?
erythrocytes
It is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?
erythropoietin
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?
ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin
What is the plasma protein that functions in blood clotting?
fibrinogen
Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?
formation of a solid clot
The lifespan of a typical RBC is about __________.
four months
A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and __________ heme units, which each contain the element __________.
four; four; iron
There are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens.
four; three
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
heme molecules lacking iron.
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
her hemoglobin level is normal.
Along with calcium ions, which vitamin is involved in almost every aspect of blood coagulation?
k
During an infection, the white blood cell count may rise, a condition known as __________.
leukocytosis
A triglyceride + globulin complex is termed a(n) __________.
lipoprotein
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the
lymphocytes
Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell?
lymphocytes q
Monocytes leave the circulation to become __________.
macrophages
Blood __________.
maintains the ability to stop its flow at a point of injury carries hormones and antibodies in its circulation contains red cells, white cells, and platelets is more viscous than water because of its combination of formed and dissolved elements All of the listed responses are correct.
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
megakaryocytes.
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
metalloprotein
If bile ducts are blocked,
more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?
mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh-__________ woman bears the second child of an Rh-__________ man.
negative; positive
Which of the white blood cells is also known as a polymorph?
neutrophil
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?
neutrophils
Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
neutrophils.
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
neutrophils.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
pernicious anemia.
Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called
plaques
What are the major components of whole blood?
plasma and formed elements
The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is
plasmin
Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are
proteins
In adults, erythropoiesis occurs in __________.
red bone marrow
The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________.
red bone marrow
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?
reticulocytes
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as
reticulocytes.
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?
Coagulation would be prevented.
Which of the following occurs during the recycling of a red blood cell?
Iron and amino acids are recycled to be used in erythropoiesis, while unusable products are excreted into the small intestine in bile.
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
Monocytes
Which of the following statements concerning white blood cells is FALSE?
Monocytes begin their development in bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus, spleen, or liver to complete the maturation process.
Which of the following statements concerning hemoglobin is FALSE?
Most of the hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of carbaminohemoglobin.
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is INCORRECT?
There are approximately 10,000 red blood cells in a microliter (µL) of blood.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why venipuncture is usually the preferred method for obtaining a blood sample?
Walls of veins are thicker than arteries.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
a superficial vein.
The common pathway of coagulation begins with the
activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the
activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?
adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
Which type of healthy human would typically have 4 to 5 liters of blood?
adult female
The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called
agglutination.
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
albumin
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
albumins
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the
iliac crest. body of vertebrae. proximal epiphyses of long bones. sternum and ribs. All of the answers are correct.
What is the plasma protein that plays an important role in protection against foreign proteins and pathogens?
immunoglobulin
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
immunoglobulins.