chapter 19

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

Bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of __________.

thrombocytopenia

Which disease state would be characterized by a concentration of up to 1,000,000 platelets/µL in the plasma?

thrombocytosis

Which of the following factors does NOT restrict the coagulation process?

thromboxane A2

Which of the following is NOT a function of albumin?

transporting iron

What is the most common blood type among Americans?

type O

Which blood type can be safely transfused into a person with type O blood without a cross-reaction?

type O blood given to a person with type O blood

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a

viscosity about the same as water.

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

Reticulocytes account for about __________ percent of the erythrocyte population in the blood.

1

Normal hemoglobin concentrations are in the range of __________ g/dL.

12-18

Lymphocytes account for __________ percent of circulating white blood cells.

20-30

A normal hematocrit is in the range of __________.

37-54

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months.

The most abundant component of plasma is (are)

water

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight.

7

An individual with type AB blood has __________ antigens and __________ antibodies.

A and B; no

If Misty is type A and needs to receive transfusions of blood during a surgery, which blood type(s) could she receive?

A and O

The bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is __________ than that of fetal hemoglobin and oxygen.

weaker than

The process of hemostasis includes which of the following?

All of the listed responses are correct. coagulation phase vascular phase platelet phase

The binding of a heme unit's iron ion to an oxygen ion __________.

All of the listed responses are correct. is a reversible binding will be broken when oxygen reaches systemic tissues, so that oxygen can enter body cells forms oxyhemoglobin

The platelet phase includes which of the following?

All of the listed responses are correct. platelet plug formation platelet adhesion platelet aggregation

A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________.

B positive

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

an increase in red blood cell production. a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels. a rise in hematocrit. the release of erythropoietin. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?

basophil

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Syneresis refers to the process of __________.

clot retraction

The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________.

conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

coordination of body system responses

Eosinophils function in

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Endothelial cells release ________ that stimulate smooth muscle contraction and accelerate the repair process.

endothelins

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation.

erythrocytes

Which blood cells are the most abundant?

erythrocytes

It is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

What is the plasma protein that functions in blood clotting?

fibrinogen

Which of the following is NOT a function of platelets?

formation of a solid clot

The lifespan of a typical RBC is about __________.

four months

A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and __________ heme units, which each contain the element __________.

four; four; iron

There are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens.

four; three

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron.

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Along with calcium ions, which vitamin is involved in almost every aspect of blood coagulation?

k

During an infection, the white blood cell count may rise, a condition known as __________.

leukocytosis

A triglyceride + globulin complex is termed a(n) __________.

lipoprotein

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

lymphocytes

Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell?

lymphocytes q

Monocytes leave the circulation to become __________.

macrophages

Blood __________.

maintains the ability to stop its flow at a point of injury carries hormones and antibodies in its circulation contains red cells, white cells, and platelets is more viscous than water because of its combination of formed and dissolved elements All of the listed responses are correct.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

If bile ducts are blocked,

more bilirubin appears in the plasma.

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh-__________ woman bears the second child of an Rh-__________ man.

negative; positive

Which of the white blood cells is also known as a polymorph?

neutrophil

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

neutrophils

Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?

neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are

neutrophils.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia.

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called

plaques

What are the major components of whole blood?

plasma and formed elements

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are

proteins

In adults, erythropoiesis occurs in __________.

red bone marrow

The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________.

red bone marrow

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

Coagulation would be prevented.

Which of the following occurs during the recycling of a red blood cell?

Iron and amino acids are recycled to be used in erythropoiesis, while unusable products are excreted into the small intestine in bile.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

Which of the following statements concerning white blood cells is FALSE?

Monocytes begin their development in bone marrow and then migrate to the thymus, spleen, or liver to complete the maturation process.

Which of the following statements concerning hemoglobin is FALSE?

Most of the hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of carbaminohemoglobin.

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is INCORRECT?

There are approximately 10,000 red blood cells in a microliter (µL) of blood.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why venipuncture is usually the preferred method for obtaining a blood sample?

Walls of veins are thicker than arteries.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein.

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Which type of healthy human would typically have 4 to 5 liters of blood?

adult female

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination.

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

iliac crest. body of vertebrae. proximal epiphyses of long bones. sternum and ribs. All of the answers are correct.

What is the plasma protein that plays an important role in protection against foreign proteins and pathogens?

immunoglobulin

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.