chapter 19 ap euro
French Parliaments
(high courts) a form of constitutional power with the right to pass and/or veto laws
declaration of the rights of man and citizen
A document, issued during the French Revolution that guaranteed certain human rights and other freedoms.
the tennis court oath
A promise made by the members of the National Assembly to stay together until they had written a constitution for France
thermidorean reaction
A reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed.
sans-culottes
A reference to Parisian workers who wore loose-fitting trousers rather than the tight-fitting breeches worn by aristocratic men.
austerlitz and trafalgar
Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible.
the grand army
Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian camapgn.
July 4, 1776
Declaration of Independence was signed, Congress declared independence
First and Second Estates
First and Second consisted of clergy and nobility.
the marquis de lafayette
French officer who helped the Americans in the Revolution, brought French troops to help at the Battle of Yorktown
the bastille
French prison that became known as a symbol of the royal abuse of power
Girondins and the mountain
Girondins favored a revoltuion war to free people living in absolutist states; the Mountains was a term given to the radical Jacobins becaue they sat upon a raised platform
escape to varennes
King Louis XVI and his families attempt to escape paris; made it only to Varennes where they were arrested and put on house arrest. End of French Monarchy
law of general maximum
Law that set price controls on goods; government was unable to enforce them so they ultimately failed
toussaint l'ouverture
Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French.
first consul and emperor
Napoleon directly controlled the entire executive authority of government
napoleon bonaparte
Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.
italian and egyptian campaigns
Showcases for Napoleon's leadership talents, these successes elevated him to hero status throughout France.
elba and saint helena
South Atlantic island. Napoleon's final home after the Battle of Waterloo.
July 14, 1789
Storming of the Bastille
the taille
Taxes that were imposed during the Hundred Year's War
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.
Yorktown
The last major battle of the war in which Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington. The French helped us. The was over, and colonists had won
directory
The new government set up by the revolutionary leaders in France.
Paris commune
The small government in Paris who wanted to resist the conservative leaders of France and tried to form their own government
committee of public safety
This was the group that carried out the Reign of Terror
reign of terror
This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed
Abbe Sieyes
Wrote an essay called "What is the 3rd estate" Argued that lower classes were more important than the nobles and the government should be responsible to the people.
maximilien robespierre
Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror.
gracchus babeuf
a French politician and journalist during revolution who wanted to abolish private property and eliminate private enterprise.
the vendee
a counter-revolution that was largely inspired by anger toward the restrictions placed on the church
the guillotine
a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution
the constitution of 1789
addition of 12 amendments, including the bill of rights, to the Constitution; many rights derived from the natural rights philosophy of the philosophes,
fraternitie
brotherhood in French
vote by order or by head
each order had one vote(unfair to 3rd estate) , or each person had one vote
olympe de gouges
french journalist who demanded equal rights for women
we are bringing back the baker
i.e., the king and his family; what the crowd sings on march
the concordat
kept the church under state control but recognized religious freedom for catholics
Third Estate
made up of Bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers
temple of reason
new name for the Cathedral of Notre Dame during the Radical Phase of the Revolution
civil constitution of the clergy
passed July 12, 1790 during the French Revolution, subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government
the jacobins
political club that was very radical during the time and instituted the reign of terror. They didn't support monarchy of any kind.
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
National convention
the meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform.
the bourgeoisie
the middle and upper classes: factory owners, financiers, bankers, etc.
Georges danton
the newly appointed minister of justice who led the sans-culottes in revenge on those who had aided the king and resisted the popular will.
declaration of pillnitz
the promise by Austria and Prussia to protect the French monarchy
the civil code
was the most important of the seven law codes created
the national assembly
when the 1st estate wanted to vote by order, the 3rd estate responded by making itself a "National Assembly" on June 17, 1789, deciding to create a Constitution.
madame de stael
woman who was influenced by germany, became a leader of romanticism in France