chapter 19 ap euro

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French Parliaments

(high courts) a form of constitutional power with the right to pass and/or veto laws

declaration of the rights of man and citizen

A document, issued during the French Revolution that guaranteed certain human rights and other freedoms.

the tennis court oath

A promise made by the members of the National Assembly to stay together until they had written a constitution for France

thermidorean reaction

A reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed.

sans-culottes

A reference to Parisian workers who wore loose-fitting trousers rather than the tight-fitting breeches worn by aristocratic men.

austerlitz and trafalgar

Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible.

the grand army

Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian camapgn.

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence was signed, Congress declared independence

First and Second Estates

First and Second consisted of clergy and nobility.

the marquis de lafayette

French officer who helped the Americans in the Revolution, brought French troops to help at the Battle of Yorktown

the bastille

French prison that became known as a symbol of the royal abuse of power

Girondins and the mountain

Girondins favored a revoltuion war to free people living in absolutist states; the Mountains was a term given to the radical Jacobins becaue they sat upon a raised platform

escape to varennes

King Louis XVI and his families attempt to escape paris; made it only to Varennes where they were arrested and put on house arrest. End of French Monarchy

law of general maximum

Law that set price controls on goods; government was unable to enforce them so they ultimately failed

toussaint l'ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French.

first consul and emperor

Napoleon directly controlled the entire executive authority of government

napoleon bonaparte

Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

italian and egyptian campaigns

Showcases for Napoleon's leadership talents, these successes elevated him to hero status throughout France.

elba and saint helena

South Atlantic island. Napoleon's final home after the Battle of Waterloo.

July 14, 1789

Storming of the Bastille

the taille

Taxes that were imposed during the Hundred Year's War

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.

Yorktown

The last major battle of the war in which Charles Cornwallis surrendered to George Washington. The French helped us. The was over, and colonists had won

directory

The new government set up by the revolutionary leaders in France.

Paris commune

The small government in Paris who wanted to resist the conservative leaders of France and tried to form their own government

committee of public safety

This was the group that carried out the Reign of Terror

reign of terror

This was the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used revolutionary terror to solidify the home front. He tried rebels and they were all judged severely and most were executed

Abbe Sieyes

Wrote an essay called "What is the 3rd estate" Argued that lower classes were more important than the nobles and the government should be responsible to the people.

maximilien robespierre

Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror.

gracchus babeuf

a French politician and journalist during revolution who wanted to abolish private property and eliminate private enterprise.

the vendee

a counter-revolution that was largely inspired by anger toward the restrictions placed on the church

the guillotine

a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution

the constitution of 1789

addition of 12 amendments, including the bill of rights, to the Constitution; many rights derived from the natural rights philosophy of the philosophes,

fraternitie

brotherhood in French

vote by order or by head

each order had one vote(unfair to 3rd estate) , or each person had one vote

olympe de gouges

french journalist who demanded equal rights for women

we are bringing back the baker

i.e., the king and his family; what the crowd sings on march

the concordat

kept the church under state control but recognized religious freedom for catholics

Third Estate

made up of Bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers

temple of reason

new name for the Cathedral of Notre Dame during the Radical Phase of the Revolution

civil constitution of the clergy

passed July 12, 1790 during the French Revolution, subordinated the Roman Catholic Church in France to the French government

the jacobins

political club that was very radical during the time and instituted the reign of terror. They didn't support monarchy of any kind.

Natural Rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

National convention

the meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform.

the bourgeoisie

the middle and upper classes: factory owners, financiers, bankers, etc.

Georges danton

the newly appointed minister of justice who led the sans-culottes in revenge on those who had aided the king and resisted the popular will.

declaration of pillnitz

the promise by Austria and Prussia to protect the French monarchy

the civil code

was the most important of the seven law codes created

the national assembly

when the 1st estate wanted to vote by order, the 3rd estate responded by making itself a "National Assembly" on June 17, 1789, deciding to create a Constitution.

madame de stael

woman who was influenced by germany, became a leader of romanticism in France


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