Chapter 19-Give Me Liberty

Sedition Act

1918, banned spoken and written statements that attended to cast contempt scorn or disrepute on the form of government and/or interfered with the war. More than 2000 people were convicted including Eugene V. Debs.

Great Migration

A movement of thousands of african americans from the south to the north between 1910 and 1920. Motives such as higher wages, opportunities and escape threats of lynching

Roosevelt Corollary

Added onto Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt. Said that the US should have the ability to be an "International Police Power" in western hemisphere.

Gentlemen's Agreement

Agreement where Japan agreed to limit workers coming to the US if the US allowed for wives and children of men already there to come over.

John J. Pershing

American general that led the Meuse-Argonne Campaign. During this campaign Americans helped push pack and outnumber germans

Margaret Sanger

American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

Emma Goldman

An outspoken radical who was deported after being arrested on charges of being an anarchist, socialist, or labour agitator.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General of the United States. In june of 1919, his house was bombed but he escaped. Believed that steel strike was part of a worldwide communist conspiracy, so raided offices of labor organizations

liberty bonds

Bonds bought by citizens so that the government could get money for the war, paid back after the war.

The Souls of Black Folk

Book written by WEB DuBois. Talked about the need for blacks to get equality.

Lusitania

British ship carrying large amounts of arms and 124 Americans that was sunk by the Germans causing all the Americans to die.

Eugene V. Debs

Convicted under the Espionage act for delivering an anti war speech.

Four Minute Men

Created by the CPI. People that Went around the country and delivered standardized talks in English and at times immigrants languages to people at movie theaters and schools to get people to buy liberty bonds or join the army. There were over 75,000 of them.

Committee on Public Information

Created by the Wilson Administration to explain to America and the world the reasons why America was in the WWI. Flooded the country with pro-war propaganda such as pamphlets, posters, newspapers, and movies. Also dispatched four minute men. First government organization created to spread pro-war propaganda.

Selective Service Act (1917)

Created in May of 1917. Required 24 million men to register for the draft. Grew the size of the army from 120k to over 5 million.

J. Edgar Hoover

Director of the Radical Division of the Justice Department. Oversaw the Palmer Raids. Would later become head of the FBI and collect records on Americans holding radical beliefs.

Canal Zone

Done by Roosevelt. Was an area between panama and Columbia that was separated in order to build a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Operated by the United States

League of Nations

Envisioned by Wilson was an international organization dedicated to peace. The US never joined it though.

Espionage Act

First time since 1798 that the government passed laws restricting the freedom of speech. Created in 1917 prohibited people from spying and interring with the draft and also making false statements that could impeded military success.

Jeannette Rankin

First woman member of congress who was very anti-war. Voted against going to war in WWI. Would not win reelection. Ran again in 1940, again voted against war (WWII), was only person, was defeated again, in 1968, she marched against the Vietnam war.

NAACP

Founded by the Niagara movement. was a organization fighting for the rights of Blacks. Wanted to help enforce the 14th and 15th amendments. Was originally multiracial. Wanted to use court system to bring about change.

W.E.B. DuBois

Founder of the NAACP. Was born in Massachusetts and went to Fink and Harvard universities. Wanted blacks to resist segregation. Wrote Book the Souls of Black Folk

19th amendment (1920)

Gave woman the right to vote.

Industrial Workers of the World

Group that opposed the entrance of Americans into World War I. Called upon workers of all countries to refuse to fight. Additionally caused bike strike in the US in 1919.

"moral imperialism"

Idea by Woodrow Wilson.Said that American Economic Influence serves higher purpose than profit. Believed that Americans were meant to carry liberty and justice. Led to more military interventions in Latin America than any president ever before.

Food Administration

Instructed farmers on modern methods of cultivation and promoted more efficient preparation of meals. Directed by Herbert Hoover. Worked on mobilizing food to be shipped to the Allies.

Fourteen Points

Issued by Wilson in Jan 1918 saying the Americans War Aims and their vision of a new international Order. Believed in Self Determination for All nations, freedom of the seas, free trade, open diplomacy, and the creation of the League of Nations.

National Women's Party

Lead by Alice Paul, wanted to gain woman the right to vote, but unlike groups before used more aggressive and militant techniques. Some members were arrested for climbing white house fence.

Alice Paul

Leader of the National Women's Power. She studied in England from 1907 to 1910. She and her followers climbed white house fence, and were arrested. Would later go on hunger strike and have to be force fed.

War Industries Board

Led by Bernard Baruch. Was a board that regulated and presided over all elements of war. Established standards for everything from tires to shoe colors.

Meuse-Argonne Campaign

Led by John Pershing. 1st and largest military action Americans were in in WWI. Was a campaign that aimed to push back the Germans to Germany. Slew of battles. Turned the tide of the war. Was a stalemate for a long time. In the end the Germans surrendered.

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Led by Marcus Garvey, aimed for African American independence and self reliance.

Marcus Garvey

Led the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Believed there would never be full equality, blacks would have to go somewhere else for equality.

The Crisis

Monthly magazine of the NAACP. WEB DuBois claimed in it that blacks should join the army

Birth of a Nation

Movie made by DW Griffith that glorified the Ku Klux Klan as the defender of white civilization. Was premeried at the White House.

lynching

Murdering by a mob. By 1950 happened to more than 5000. Some occurred in the dead of night, others were advertised in advance and watchers came. In many cases the people lynched were accused of rape.

Great War

Name given to WWI. Started when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed. Led to war between Allies and Central Powers. Initially America said they would remain neutral in the war, but actions by Germany led them to join the allies

Palmer Raids

Overseen by Edgar Hoover. He was afraid that the steel strike was part of a worldwide communist conspiracy, so he raided offices of labor and radical organizations.

Red Scare

Post WWI where there was a period of political interference inspired postwar strike and social tensions plus fears generated by the Russian Revolution

"freedom of the seas"

Principle that neutral nations have the right to trade without interference even during wartime.

Americanization

Process of immigrants becoming Americanized. Teach them American Customs, and Food.

18th amendment

Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. Ratified by states in 1919. Enforced by Volstead Act

eugenics

Science that studied the alleged mental characteristics of different races, and gave anti immigrant sentiment.

Niagara Movement

Started by WEB DuBois, at niagara falls to gain rights for blacks. Would lead to the founding of the NAACP

1919 steel strike

Strike centered in Chicago that united 365 immigrant workers demanding unions higher wages an an 8 hour workday.

general strike

Strikes involving workers of many or all industries in an area at the same time. These occurred in Belfast, Glasgow, and Winnipeg from people

Dollar Diplomacy

Tafts foreign policy. Idea was to invest in economies and give loans to countries to strengthen their relationship with the US and give the US Power and Money. Some, of these countries included Honduras, Nicaragua, Dominican Republic and Liberia

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram intercepted and made public by the British people. Was a telegram from Arthur Zimmerman of Germany to Mexico saying that Mexico should help Germany attack the US and that Mexico would get its territory back that they lost in the Mexican War. This action led to Wilson Declaring War.

"race problem"

Tensions arising between America's ethnic diversity. More than black and white, there were actually 45 races. Referred to new immigrants as a different race.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied Forces. Established the league of Nations. Also, Applied principle of self determination to eastern Europe.

melting-pot

based on Play by Jewish Immigrant Israel Zangwill. Was the idea that new immigrants were supposed to merge their identity into existing American Nationality

"preparedness"

crash program to expand the American army and navy to prepare for WWI

Bernard Baruch

financier of Wall Street that headed the War Industry Board.

Lewis Terman

physiologist at Stanford that invented the term IQ or Intelligence Quotient saying that this number could measure ones mental capacity. These tests were administrated to people joining the army and the results of blacks and immigrants averaging a lower score than native whites were used to say that the white race was superior.

Monroe Doctrine

pledge by James Monroe that said that he would defend Western Hemisphere from the Europeans.