Pharmacology Exam 1 - Multiple Choice
1. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as A. pharmacotherapeutics B. pharmacodynamics C. pharmacokinetics D. pharmacy E. posology
C
13. First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of drugs in the A. kidney B. blood vessels C. liver D. heart E. adipose tissue
C
3. An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as A. toxic effect B. antagonism C. idiosyncrasy D. side effect E. drug allergy
C
Age-related physiological changes that occur in humans include: (LO 3.1) A. decreased cardiac output B. decrease in organ size C. decreased blood flow to the liver D. fewer cells to carry out organ functions E. all of these
E. all of these
Factor(s) that reduce patient drug compliance include: (LO 3.5) A. mental confusion B. polypharmacy C. drug side effects D. drug costs E. all of these
E. all of these
During the fight or flight reaction, the adrenal medulla predominately releases (LO 5.4) A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. epinephrine D. dopamine E. serotonin
epinephrine
The measurement of creatinine can be used to evaluate: (LO 3.3) A. liver function B. renal function C. cardiac function D. intestinal function E. respiratory function
B. renal function
4. The proprietary drug name supplied by a pharmaceutical company is also referred to as the A. generic name B. over-the-counter name C. trade name D. chemical name E. none of these
C
5. Anticholinergic effects include all of the following except (LO 7.5) A. bronchodilation B. increased heart rate C. increased gastrointestinal activity D. decreased respiratory secretions E. dry mouth
C
8. A medication that does not require a physician's service to obtain is referred to as A. trade B. nonproprietary C. nonprescription D. brand E. generic
C
1. The main pharmacologic effect of norepinephrine on alpha-1 receptors is (LO 6.2) A. increased heart rate B. bronchodilation C. vasoconstriction D. contraction of urinary bladder E. increased force of myocardial contraction
C) Vasoconstriction ( INCREASE BP)
The main effect of aging on drug absorption is: (LO 3.2) A. increased intestinal surface area B. faster onset of action C. slowing of drug absorption D. increased blood flow to intestines E. increased GI motility
C. slowing of drug absorption
Select the factor that would not cause a decrease in drug metabolism in the elderly. (LO 3.1, 3.3, 3.4) A. decreased liver blood flow B. decreased drug microsomal enzymes C. reduced liver organ size D. decreased cardiac output E. tobacco smoking
E. tobacco smoking
The sympathetic postganglionic nerve ending releases (LO 5.4) A. epinephrine B. norepinephrine C. acetylcholine D. dopamine E. none of these
NE
Which of the following neurotransmitters is released from cholinergic nerves? (LO 5.5) A. norepinephrine B. epinephrine C. catecholamine D. acetylcholine E. serotonin
acetylcholine
The actions of epinephrine (EPI) include which of the following? (LO 6.3, 6.5) A. bronchodilation B. vasoconstriction C. relaxation of uterus D. increased heart rate E. all of these
all of these
Which of the following are actions of nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs? (LO 6.7) A. decreasing heart rate B. decreasing force of myocardial contraction C. vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle blood vessels D. lowering of blood pressure E. all of these
all of these
Sympathetic activation produces all of the following effects except A. relaxation of urinary bladder B. increased heart rate C. pupillary dilation D. bronchoconstriction E. constriction of urinary sphincter
bronchoconstriction
Choose the body function that is increased during the fight or flight reaction. (LO 5.3) A. digestion B. urination C. elimination D. bronchoconstriction E. heart rate
heart rate
1. Parasympathetic receptors located on the membranes of the internal organs are classified as (LO 7.2) A. alpha-1 B. nicotinic-neural (Nn) C. nicotinic-muscle (Nm) D. muscarinic E. ganglionic
muscarinic
Somatic nerves send nerve impulses to (LO 5.1) A. smooth muscle B. skeletal muscle C. cardiac muscle D. visceral organs E. intestinal tract
skeletal muscle
19. Which FDA pregnancy category would appear to be the safest for a developing fetus? A. Category A B. Category B C. Category C D. Category D E. Category X
A
7. Select the term below that relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect. A. posology B. toxicology C. pharmacodynamics D. pharmacotherapeutics E. pharmacy
A
The neurotransmitter released at both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia is (LO 5.4) A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. epinephrine D. norepinephrine E. serotonin
ACH
Change to which pharmacokinetic process leads to longer duration of action of drugs? (LO 3.3) A. decreased excretion B. decreased distribution C. increased metabolism D. decreased absorption E. none of these
A. decreased excretion
. The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is A. inhalation B. transdermal C. intramuscular D. sublingual E. intravenous
B
14. Drug X has a half-life of 6 hours. How much drug is left in the body 18 hours after an IV injection of 1200 milligrams (mg)?
B
16. When a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, the process is termed A. first-pass metabolism B. enzyme induction C. enzyme inhibition D. enterohepatic cycling E. microsomal inhibition
B
2. Select the pharmacologic effect produced by cholinergic drugs. (LO 7.3) A. increased heart rate B. increased gastrointestinal motility C. decreased urination D. pupillary dilation E. bronchodilation
B
3. Physostigmine (Eserine) is classified as a(n) (LO 7.3) A. direct-acting cholinergic drug B. reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor C. irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor D. anticholinergic drug E. ganglionic blocker
B
5. The time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as the A. duration of action B. onset of action C. ceiling effect D. maximal response E. ceiling effect
B
Drug distribution is affected with aging due to: (LO 3.2) A. increased lean body mass B. decreased total body water C. decreased percentage of body fat D. increased concentration of plasma proteins E. increased total body water
B. decreased total body water
Select the nerve-function combination that is correctly matched A. afferent nerve-conducts nerve impulses to peripheral organs B. efferent nerve-conducts sensory nerve impulses C. autonomic nerve-conducts nerve impulses to visceral organs D. adrenergic nerve-conducts nerve impulses to skeletal muscle E. somatic nerve-conducts nerve impulses to smooth muscle
C. Autonomic nerve-conducts to visceral organs
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly decreased protein intake, can: (LO 3.4) A. increase plasma protein concentration B. decrease concentration of unbound free drug C. decrease drug metabolizing enzymes D. decrease duration and intensity of drug action E. increase albumin concentration
C. decrease drug metabolizing enzymes
18. Which factor of individual variation is dependent upon the patient's attitude toward treatment? A. weight B. age C. genetic variation D. placebo effect E. gender
D
2. The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as A. side effect B. adverse effect C. drug allergy D. contraindication E. antagonism
D
6. A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as a A. poison B. OTC drug C. prescription drug D. controlled substance E. nonproprietary drug
D
In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be A. ionized B. positively charged C. water soluble D. lipid soluble E. negatively charged
D
15. Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category A. B B. C C. D D. X E. NR
D= x
10. The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its A. ED50 B. maximal response C. ceiling effect D. onset of action E. duration of action
E
17. The rate of drug absorption would be increased by which of the following? A. drug ionization B. water solubility C. positively charged drug D. negatively charged drug E. lipid solubility
E
4. Symptoms of cholinergic drug overdosage include (LO 7.3) A. slow pulse rate B. increased urination C. diarrhea D. sweating E. all of these
E
9. Which of the following could be categorized as an adverse reaction? A. idiosyncrasy B. drug allergy C. teratogenicity D. carcinogenicity E. all of these
E
Pick the correct pharmacologic effect(s) of direct-acting cholinergic drugs. (LO 7.3) A. respiratory paralysis B. urinary retention C. increased heart rate D. bronchodilation E. none of these
E
Select the effect(s) produced by anticholinergic drugs such as atropine. (LO 7.5) A. mydriasis B. bronchodilation C. cycloplegia D. sedation E. all of these
E