Chapter 19 Micro

Why is annual flu vaccination recommended?

The virus is altered by antigenic drift.

All recent deaths from pertussis were in which individuals?

babies younger than 6 months

"The flu" includes which of the following?

diseases caused by the influenza viruses

An annual flu vaccination is recommended due to yearly antigenic

drift

Streptococcus pyogenes and Fusobacterium__________cause the most serious cases of pharyngitis.

necrophorum

Which of the following are first line defenses for the respiratory system?

sneezing ciliated epithelium coughing mucus production nasal hair

Major changes in the influenza A virus due to recombination of viral strains from 2 different host species are referred to as antigenic

shift

Which of the following is the current treatment for uncomplicated acute otitis media?

wait for resolution

True or false: Currently, the recommended treatment for uncomplicated otitis media involves the use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

False

True or false: Nausea and diarrhea are typical signs and symptoms of influenza.

False

MDR-TB stands for_______tuberculosis

Multidrug resistant

Choose all of the correct statements regarding pharyngitis.

Pharyngitis caused by bacteria may be accompanied by nausea. Pharyngitis caused by bacteria is severely painful

The most serious cases of pharyngitis are caused by which of the following?

Streptococcus pyogenes

The influenza virus has a high level of variation in its genome due to antigenic______And ___________

drift;shift

The signs and symptoms of influenza include which of the following?

dry cough fever fatigue stuffy nose body aches sore throat headache

Patient noncompliance in tuberculosis therapy leads to which of the following?

emergence of drug-resistant strains

Which of the following types of tuberculosis occurs when the infection spreads to other organs outside the lungs?

extrapulmonary

Which two population groups are most likely to experience extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

immunosuppressed young children

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is defined as being resistant to which of the following?

isoniazid rifampin

85% of all cases of tuberculosis are contained in which of the following?

lungs

The large influx of mononuclear cells into the______play a key role in the formation of infectious sites called tubercles in TB.

lungs

The specific lines of defense in the respiratory tract include______in the alveoli and tonsils and specific____in the mucus.

macrophages;antibodies

The most common signs/symptoms of the common cold include which of the following?

runny nose scratchy throat sneezing

Identify the three types of tuberculosis.

secondary primary extrapulmonary

The main signs and symptoms of pharyngitis include which of the following?

swollen tonsils reddened mucosa in the throat pain and swelling of the throat

When was the first vaccine for pertussis introduced?

1950s

Cold symptoms typically occur how many days after infection?

2-3

Over______different types of viruses cause the common cold.

200

Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system?

Alveolar macrophages Secretory IgA

Which of the following contribute to the high level of variability in the influenza virus?

Antigenic shift Antigenic drift

Sinusitis is caused by which general types of microorganisms?

Bacteria Viruses Fungi

Which viral agents are known to cause viral pneumonia as their primary disease?

SARS coronavirus Hantavirus

The most common bacterial cause of acute otitis media is

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following is the most common causative agent for community-acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

_______causes the greatest number of lethal cases of pneumonia compared to any other microorganism.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

True or false: Only diseases caused by the influenza viruses are properly termed "the flu."

True

True or false: The majority of TB patients recover from the primary infection.

True

Which of the following is the most noticeable symptom seen in the paroxysmal stage of pertussis?

Uncontrollable cough

The common cold is caused by which general type of microorganism?

Viruses

Which agents usually cause milder forms of pneumonia?

Viruses

The________stage is the second stage of pertussis characterized by uncontrollable coughing with a distinct sound.

paroxysmal

One of the biggest problems with TB therapy is which of the following?

patient noncompliance

Secondary tuberculosis is also called_______tuberculosis

reactivation

The _______virus causes colds in most people, but can cause a potentially devastating infection in children and neonates.

respiratory syncytial

Which of the following agents usually causes minor colds in most patients, but can lead to a serious respiratory infection in young children?

respiratory syncytial virus

Cilia on the epithelium of the________and_________propel particles upward and out of the respiratory tract.

trachea;bronchi

The granulomatous lung lesion seen in TB that can serve as a focus for latent infection is called a

tubercle

In secondary tuberculosis, dormant bacteria are reactivated,_______expand and drain into the bronchial tubes and upper respiratory tract, and the severe symptoms cause a gradual wasting of the body.

tubercles

Pharyngitis can be caused by which of the following?

viral infection bacterial infection mechanical irritation sinus drainage

Pharyngitis is most commonly caused by which of the following?

virus