The eye and ears mastering for test

Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors

Color blindness

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ______

Conduction deafness

Which of the following causes of deafness would be helped LEAST by a hearing aid?

Damage to the cochlear nerve

What structure is lined with ceremonious glands?

External acoustic meatus

Simon is an 83 year old man complaining of pain in his eye, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is _____.

Glaucoma

The auditory ossicle culled the anvil is also known as the ______

Incus

Japrice has a cold and her eyes are runny with tears. What structure has become inflamed that is causing Japrice's runny eyes?

Lacrimal mucosa

What age related sensory change is associated with gradual deterioration of the spiral organ of corti?

Loss in the ability to hear high tones, loss in the ability to hear speech sound

Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane

Malleus (hammer)

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles _____-

Malleus, incus, stapes

The inability to see distant objects is termed nearsighted or _____-

Myopia

Prolonged vitamin A deficiency is common in third world countries, especially those in which rice is the main staple. Given this information, what visual disorder would be found in a higher frequency in these third world countries?

Night blindness

Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells

Optic disc

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called _____

Papillae

What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?

Pigmented layer

Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging

Presbyopia

What is the most common type of color blindness?

Red green in men

What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

Retina

Which cochlear hair cells are stimulated by high frequency sounds?

Shorter, stiffer hair cells locate along the basilar membrane, near the oval window

Why is it harder to determine where a sound originates when one auditory canal is completely blocked with earwax?

Since one ear is functionally deaf, the brain can't compare input from both cochleae to localize a given sound

What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound?

Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times.

Hair cells that function a hearing receptors are located within the ____

Spiral organ of corti

What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a dest studying for you anatomy and physiology material?

Static equilibrium

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance

The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid day sun, he experienced

The photo-pupillary reflex

The hair of the hair cells within the organ of corti are embedded in which of the following?

The tectorial membrane

In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into what structure to allow for drainage?

Tympanic membrane

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus hit the eardrum, also noon as the _____

Tympanic membrane

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the "beef taste" of a steak?

Umami

What cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

Vestibule cochlear nerve

Which of these is associated with rods?

Vision in dim light

Type of gel like substance located in the posterior segment

Vitreous humor

Transparent portion of the fibrous layer

cornea

Which of the following structures of the eye would NOT be affected by conjunctivitis?

cornea

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

Which of the following structures refract light before it hits the retina?

cornea, humors, and lens

Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness?

degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Which of these is located in the superior lateral region of the orbit?

lacrimal gland

Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?

lacrimal gland

Flexible biconvex crystal like structure

lens

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ______

lens

What flexible, crystal like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

lens

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

lens

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?

maculae of the vestibule

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ______

malleus or hammer

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory tube to the ______

middle ear

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the _____

movement of otoliths along hair cells

nearsightedness

myopia

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

olfactory receptor

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?

optic chiasma

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the _____

optic chiasma

Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball?

optic disc

What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?

optic disc (blind spot)

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ______

optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ______

otoliths

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ______

prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

pungent

What is the function of the otoliths?

responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves

Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors

retina

What layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

retina

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

retina

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

rods

White of the eye

sclera

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as _____, and a transparent portion known as the _______.

sclera and cornea

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the _____

semicircular canals

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

semicircular canals

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?

semicircular canals

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?

sensorineural deafness

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to _____

smell

Crossed eye

strabismus

The five taste sensations are ______

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

Where are olfactory receptors located?

the superior region of the nasal cavity

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

What is the orientation of images formed on the retina?

upside down and reversed left to right

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the _____

vestibule

The gel like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the _____

vitreous humor

The gel like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ____

vitreous humor (body)

Area of greatest visual acuity

fovea centralis

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

fovea centralis

Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness

glaucoma

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?

glaucoma

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

gustatory cells

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called _____

hair cells

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

hair cells

Gland that releases tears

lacrimal gland

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception results in ______

Binocular vision

What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?

accommodation

Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?

accommodation pupillary reflex

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?

choroid

Which of the following is a sex linked condition that more often affects males?

color blindness

A person with total color blindness may lack _____

cones

Type of photoreceptor cell that detects color

cones

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ____

conjunctiva

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

conjunctivitis

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the _____

cornea

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?

inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

The pupil is an opening within the ______

iris

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

lacrimal

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

lacrimal