The eye and ears mastering for test
Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors
Color blindness
Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ______
Conduction deafness
Which of the following causes of deafness would be helped LEAST by a hearing aid?
Damage to the cochlear nerve
What structure is lined with ceremonious glands?
External acoustic meatus
Simon is an 83 year old man complaining of pain in his eye, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is _____.
Glaucoma
The auditory ossicle culled the anvil is also known as the ______
Incus
Japrice has a cold and her eyes are runny with tears. What structure has become inflamed that is causing Japrice's runny eyes?
Lacrimal mucosa
What age related sensory change is associated with gradual deterioration of the spiral organ of corti?
Loss in the ability to hear high tones, loss in the ability to hear speech sound
Which of the following is the auditory ossicle that attaches to the tympanic membrane
Malleus (hammer)
Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles _____-
Malleus, incus, stapes
The inability to see distant objects is termed nearsighted or _____-
Myopia
Prolonged vitamin A deficiency is common in third world countries, especially those in which rice is the main staple. Given this information, what visual disorder would be found in a higher frequency in these third world countries?
Night blindness
Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells
Optic disc
The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called _____
Papillae
What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?
Pigmented layer
Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging
Presbyopia
What is the most common type of color blindness?
Red green in men
What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?
Retina
Which cochlear hair cells are stimulated by high frequency sounds?
Shorter, stiffer hair cells locate along the basilar membrane, near the oval window
Why is it harder to determine where a sound originates when one auditory canal is completely blocked with earwax?
Since one ear is functionally deaf, the brain can't compare input from both cochleae to localize a given sound
What information does the brain use to interpret the source of a sound?
Sound reaches the two ears at slightly different times.
Hair cells that function a hearing receptors are located within the ____
Spiral organ of corti
What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a dest studying for you anatomy and physiology material?
Static equilibrium
How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance
The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.
When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid day sun, he experienced
The photo-pupillary reflex
The hair of the hair cells within the organ of corti are embedded in which of the following?
The tectorial membrane
In severe cases of otitis media, a tube is implanted into what structure to allow for drainage?
Tympanic membrane
Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus hit the eardrum, also noon as the _____
Tympanic membrane
Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?
Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
What sensation allows someone to enjoy the "beef taste" of a steak?
Umami
What cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?
Vestibule cochlear nerve
Which of these is associated with rods?
Vision in dim light
Type of gel like substance located in the posterior segment
Vitreous humor
Transparent portion of the fibrous layer
cornea
Which of the following structures of the eye would NOT be affected by conjunctivitis?
cornea
Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
Which of the following structures refract light before it hits the retina?
cornea, humors, and lens
Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness?
degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti
Which of these is located in the superior lateral region of the orbit?
lacrimal gland
Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears?
lacrimal gland
Flexible biconvex crystal like structure
lens
The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ______
lens
What flexible, crystal like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?
lens
What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?
lens
Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect?
maculae of the vestibule
The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ______
malleus or hammer
An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory tube to the ______
middle ear
Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the _____
movement of otoliths along hair cells
nearsightedness
myopia
What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?
olfactory receptor
At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?
optic chiasma
Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the _____
optic chiasma
Where do the axons of ganglion cells leave the eyeball?
optic disc
What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?
optic disc (blind spot)
Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ______
optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ______
otoliths
The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ______
prevent light from scattering inside the eye
Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
pungent
What is the function of the otoliths?
responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves
Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors
retina
What layer of the eye contains rods and cones?
retina
Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye?
retina
What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?
rods
White of the eye
sclera
The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as _____, and a transparent portion known as the _______.
sclera and cornea
Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the _____
semicircular canals
What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?
semicircular canals
Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane?
semicircular canals
What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?
sensorineural deafness
Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to _____
smell
Crossed eye
strabismus
The five taste sensations are ______
sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
Where are olfactory receptors located?
the superior region of the nasal cavity
What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
What is the orientation of images formed on the retina?
upside down and reversed left to right
Static equilibrium receptors are located in the _____
vestibule
The gel like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the _____
vitreous humor
The gel like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ____
vitreous humor (body)
Area of greatest visual acuity
fovea centralis
What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?
fovea centralis
Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness
glaucoma
What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?
glaucoma
What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?
gustatory cells
Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called _____
hair cells
What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?
hair cells
Gland that releases tears
lacrimal gland
The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception results in ______
Binocular vision
What term refers to the ability to focus on close objects?
accommodation
Which reflex constricts pupils when we view close objects?
accommodation pupillary reflex
What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?
choroid
Which of the following is a sex linked condition that more often affects males?
color blindness
A person with total color blindness may lack _____
cones
Type of photoreceptor cell that detects color
cones
The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ____
conjunctiva
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the _____
cornea
What is a possible cause of conduction deafness?
inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate
The pupil is an opening within the ______
iris
What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?
lacrimal
Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?
lacrimal
